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Life
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Cranial Base Tumors: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments
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Cranial Base Tumors: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2723

Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrew J. Fishman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Interests: neurotology; skull base surgery; cranial nerve disorders; tumor pathogenesis; surgical innovation; AI in neurosurgery
Prof. Dr. Marcin Szymański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: otology; skull base surgery; oncology; hearing restoration; surgical education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue “Cranial Base Tumors: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments” brings together international experts addressing the biological, diagnostic, and surgical complexities of cranial base tumors. These lesions lie at the crossroads of neurosurgery and otolaryngology and represent one of the most intricate challenges in modern medicine.

This issue will feature advances in tumor biology, imaging, endoscopic and open approaches, reconstructive strategies, robotics, and artificial intelligence in cranial base surgery. By linking translational science with clinical practice, it aims to refine surgical safety, precision, and long-term outcomes.

The European Skull Base Society 2025 Conference (https://www.esbs.eu/) will be held in Zagreb. This issue welcomes contributions from attendees and other leading institutions and multidisciplinary teams committed to advancing global standards of care in skull base disease.

Prof. Dr. Andrew J. Fishman
Prof. Dr. Marcin Szymański
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skull base tumors
  • neuro-oncology
  • endoscopic surgery
  • cranial nerve preservation
  • AI-assisted diagnostics
  • multidisciplinary management

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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20 pages, 11301 KB  
Article
Exploring the Lamina Terminalis: A Stepwise Anatomical Comparison of Pterional and Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy Approaches
by Merih C. Yilmaz and Yunus E. Durmus
Life 2025, 15(12), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15121804 - 25 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The lamina terminalis is an important anatomical structure located at the anterior wall of the third ventricle and surrounded by critical neurovascular elements. Precise and safe surgical access to this region requires detailed anatomical knowledge and mastery of skull base approaches. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The lamina terminalis is an important anatomical structure located at the anterior wall of the third ventricle and surrounded by critical neurovascular elements. Precise and safe surgical access to this region requires detailed anatomical knowledge and mastery of skull base approaches. This study aims to anatomically illustrate and compare the pterional, one-piece orbitozygomatic, and two-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomies as approaches to the lamina terminalis cistern. The objective is to provide a comprehensive photographic guide to support neurosurgeons and residents in learning these techniques. Methods: Two formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were dissected under an operating microscope. Standard pterional, one-piece orbitozygomatic, and two-piece orbitozygomatic approaches were performed. Key anatomical landmarks and surgical steps were documented photographically. Osteotomies, dural openings, and basal drilling techniques were systematically applied to maximize exposure of the lamina terminalis region while preserving critical neurovascular structures. Results: The results demonstrate that all three approaches effectively expose the lamina terminalis cistern and related vascular structures. By highlighting the trajectory, osteotomies, and neurovascular anatomy, the anatomical dissections provide valuable visual guidance. These findings are intended to support neurosurgical education by illustrating the strengths of each approach in a comparative context. Conclusions: This study offers detailed anatomical visualization of three key approaches to the lamina terminalis. The stepwise dissections and high-resolution images are intended as an educational guide to assist neurosurgeons and residents in mastering these techniques. Such anatomical understanding is vital for safe, effective surgical interventions involving the anterior skull base and vascular pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cranial Base Tumors: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments)
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23 pages, 4990 KB  
Case Report
Accessory Nerve Schwannomas Presenting with Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy: A Narrative Review with an Illustrative Case
by Gen Futamura, Ryokichi Yagi, Masao Fukumura, Moeko Tani, Hideki Kashiwagi, Yuichiro Tsuji, Ryo Hiramatu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Motomasa Furuse, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami and Masahiko Wanibuchi
Life 2026, 16(4), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16040655 - 13 Apr 2026
Viewed by 654
Abstract
Background: Intracranial accessory nerve schwannomas involving the jugular foramen are rare tumors with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Although lower cranial nerve dysfunction is common, hypoglossal nerve palsy is uncommon and may obscure identification of the nerve of origin. Methods: A narrative review of [...] Read more.
Background: Intracranial accessory nerve schwannomas involving the jugular foramen are rare tumors with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Although lower cranial nerve dysfunction is common, hypoglossal nerve palsy is uncommon and may obscure identification of the nerve of origin. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted to identify reported cases from 1961 to December 2025. Clinical manifestations were categorized as initial and preoperative symptoms, and their temporal evolution was analyzed according to tumor location. Imaging findings, surgical management, and neurological outcomes were reviewed. An illustrative case with hypoglossal nerve palsy was included. Results: A total of 58 cases, including the present case, were identified. According to the Julow classification, 38 tumors were intracisternal and 20 were intrajugular. Intracisternal tumors predominantly caused posterior fossa compression symptoms, whereas intrajugular tumors more frequently showed lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Hypoglossal nerve palsy was observed in seven cases, including three as the initial symptom, and occurred mainly in intrajugular tumors. Imaging commonly demonstrated jugular foramen enlargement and, in selected cases, continuity with enlargement of the extracranial hypoglossal canal. Surgical treatment was associated with improvement or stabilization of hypoglossal nerve function in all reported cases. Conclusions: Accessory nerve schwannomas may occasionally present with hypoglossal nerve palsy, most likely due to secondary compression. Careful assessment of symptom progression and skull base imaging may improve preoperative diagnosis and surgical planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cranial Base Tumors: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments)
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