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Life
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Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
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Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 9275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tommaso Verdina

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Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41125 Policlinico, Italy
Interests: retinal disease; vitreoretinal surgery; diabetic retinopathy; age-related macular degeneration
Prof. Dr. Luca Cimino

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
Interests: retinal inflammatory diseases
Prof. Dr. Chiara Maria Eandi

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
Interests: age-related macular degeneration; retinal vascular diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Mastropasqua

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Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: vitreoretinal surgery
Prof. Dr. Stephen Tsang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Interests: inherited retinal diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is an exciting time in the field of retina. Recently, new diagnostic tools have been introduced, such as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), ultra-widefield imaging, and adaptive optics (AO), aiming at the early diagnosis of retinal diseases and a change in the approach of patient management. Moreover, the usage of machine learning and artificial intelligence has recently developed in the field of retinal diagnostics. Such advances allow the recognition of systemic diseases through eye examinations and can improve concerted efforts between ophthalmologists and physicians of different medical subspecialties. Furthermore, the treatment of retinal disease has undergone significant development in the last decade with the introduction of new molecules for intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema and wet age-related macular degeneration, new drugs on the horizon for dry AMD, as well as new vitreoretinal surgical techniques, retinal prosthesis, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy for inherited retinal disease. Finally, telemedicine is developing with the chance of diagnosing and treating retinal pathologies in previously unimaginable ways.

This Special Issue aims to create a multidisciplinary forum of discussion concerning new developments in retinal diseases, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment.

Accepted papers will describe new developments in these areas. This Special Issue invites high-quality articles containing original research results and review articles of exceptional merit.

Dr. Tommaso Verdina
Prof. Dr. Luca Cimino
Prof. Dr. Chiara Maria Eandi
Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Mastropasqua
Prof. Dr. Stephen Tsang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammatory retinal diseases
  • vitreoretinal surgery
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • retinal vascular diseases
  • age-related macular degeneration
  • inherited retinal diseases

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1883 KiB  
Article
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Type 2 Diabetic versus Non-Diabetic Vitreous Fluids
by Abdulaziz H. Alanazi, Shengshuai Shan, S. Priya Narayanan and Payaningal R. Somanath
Life 2024, 14(7), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070883 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, with complex mechanisms. The study aimed to comprehensively explore vitreous humor of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, paving the way for identifying the potential molecular mechanisms underlying DR. Methods: Vitreous samples from type [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss, with complex mechanisms. The study aimed to comprehensively explore vitreous humor of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, paving the way for identifying the potential molecular mechanisms underlying DR. Methods: Vitreous samples from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, collected post-mortem, were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pathway enrichment and gene ontology analyses were conducted to identify dysregulated pathways and characterize protein functions. Results: Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation in multiple metabolic and signaling pathways associated with diabetes, including glycerolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and Wnt signaling. Gene ontology analysis identified proteins involved in inflammation, immune response dysregulation, and calcium signaling. Notably, proteins such as Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (ITPR2), Calcium homeostasis endoplasmic reticulum protein (CHERP), and Coronin-1A (CORO1A) were markedly upregulated in diabetic vitreous, implicating aberrant calcium signaling, inflammatory responses, and cytoskeletal reorganization in DR. Conclusions: Our study provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying DR and highlights the significance of inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances in disease progression. Identification of specific proteins as potential biomarkers underscores the multifactorial nature of DR. Future research in this area is vital for advancing therapeutic interventions and translating findings into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment)
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13 pages, 2475 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness after Vitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images
by Ki Woong Bae, Dong Ik Kim and Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang
Life 2023, 13(9), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091804 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
This study investigated the long-term effects of epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. We included 30 patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent a vitrectomy for ERM removal with internal limiting membrane [...] Read more.
This study investigated the long-term effects of epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. We included 30 patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent a vitrectomy for ERM removal with internal limiting membrane peeling. The patients were followed up for 5 years after surgery, and their medical records were reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters. The study population comprised 24 females (80.0%), and the mean age was 65.4 ± 7.2 years. The baseline BCVA significantly improved from 0.28 ± 0.24 to 0.12 ± 0.09 logMAR (p < 0.001) 1 year after surgery and continued to improve for 5 years after surgery. The peripapillary RNFL thickness initially increased after surgery and then gradually decreased. The peripapillary RNFL thicknesses of the global and temporal sectors showed significant reductions 2 years after surgery, whereas those of the nasal sectors did not significantly change. The peripapillary RNFL thickness was thinner in the global and temporal areas of the operated eyes than in those of the fellow eyes 4 and 5 years after surgery. In conclusion, peripapillary RNFL thicknesses decreased in the global and temporal areas after ERM surgery, whereas peripapillary RNFL thicknesses in the nasal sectors did not change significantly during the long-term follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Review

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12 pages, 2024 KiB  
Review
Immune System, Inflammation and Autoantigens in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Pathological Significance and Therapeutic Importance
by Sreeraj Kuruppilakath Manikandan, Ann Logan, Marc Cerrada-Gimenez, Laurence Fitzhenry, Lee Coffey, Simon Kaja and Sweta Rani
Life 2023, 13(12), 2236; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13122236 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2739
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) is a chronic inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disease affecting the posterior part of the eye in the aging population. Aging results in the reduced functionality of cells and tissues, including the cells of the retina. Initiators of a chronic inflammatory [...] Read more.
Wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) is a chronic inflammation-associated neurodegenerative disease affecting the posterior part of the eye in the aging population. Aging results in the reduced functionality of cells and tissues, including the cells of the retina. Initiators of a chronic inflammatory and pathologic state in wAMD may be a result of the accumulation of inevitable metabolic injuries associated with the maintenance of tissue homeostasis from a young age to over 50. Apart from this, risk factors like smoking, genetic predisposition, and failure to repair the injuries that occur, alongside attempts to rescue the hypoxic outer retina may also contribute to the pathogenesis. Aging of the immune system (immunosenescence) and a compromised outer blood retinal barrier (BRB) result in the exposure of the privileged milieu of the retina to the systemic immune system, further increasing the severity of the disease. When immune-privileged sites like the retina are under pathological stress, certain age- and disease-related conditions may necessitate assistance from cells distant from the resident ones to help restore the functionality of the tissue. As a necessary part of tissue repair, inflammation is a major response to disease and recruits immune cells to the site of damage. We suspect that the specific reparative inflammatory responses are controlled by an autoantigen-T cell-mediated mechanism, a process that may be hindered in wAMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Other

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20 pages, 750 KiB  
Systematic Review
Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Systematic Review
by Filippo Confalonieri, Vanessa Ferraro, Alessandra Di Maria, Alessandro Gaeta, Josè Luis Vallejo-Garcia, Paolo Vinciguerra, Xhevat Lumi and Goran Petrovski
Life 2023, 13(6), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061362 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Background: Antiplatelets and anticoagulants have substantially influenced contemporary vitreoretinal surgical practices. The availability of new oral blood thinners has recently spurred a renewed interest in the clinical approach to vitreoretinal surgical conditions since it may be difficult for the surgeon to collect [...] Read more.
Background: Antiplatelets and anticoagulants have substantially influenced contemporary vitreoretinal surgical practices. The availability of new oral blood thinners has recently spurred a renewed interest in the clinical approach to vitreoretinal surgical conditions since it may be difficult for the surgeon to collect sufficient evidence-based data to decide whether to discontinue or continue such medications. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review on the use of antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants in the perioperative setting in vitreoretinal surgery and their possible complications, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The level of evidence, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEM) 2011 guidelines, and the quality of evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, were assessed for all included articles. Results: In total, 2310 articles were initially extracted, out of which 1839 articles were obtained after duplicates were removed and their abstracts were screened. A total of 27 articles were included in the full-text review. Finally, a remaining 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Even though there is just a small number of studies with solid results, the advantage of using antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants in vitreoretinal surgery seems to outweigh the disadvantages, which are mainly related to postoperative hemorrhagic complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment)
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