The Direct Contributions of Behavioral and Other Animal Research in Zoos and Aquariums to In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Reproductive and Behavioral Sciences, Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Interests: animal behavior; welfare; animal management; zoo & aquarium collection planning
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Guest Editor
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
Interests: animal behavior; conservation; welfare; mate choice
North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
Interests: animal behavior; behavioral ecology; animal welfare; reintroduction biology

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Guest Editor
Oklahoma City Zoo, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Interests: behavioral ecology; conservation biology; elephants; reproductive physiology; zoo animal management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the recent declaration by the IUCN that zoos and aquariums are critical partners in biodiversity conservation (https://iucn.org/resources/commission-statement/iucn-commission-statement-role-botanic-gardens-aquariums-and-zoos), this Special Issue will highlight the opportunities zoos and aquariums provide to obtain key behavioral and other data on animals to assist in their conservation in the wild or to fortify existing insurance colonies of animals where the wild population is, or nearly is, extinct. While we want to highlight behavioral research derived from zoo and aquarium animals, we will consider other types of research on zoo and aquarium animals that directly benefit the conservation of the species involved.  More descriptive papers describing care and management practices as part of propagation efforts are also encouraged, though these should focus on true insurance colonies of animals where the wild population is or is nearly extinct and a formal conservation plan has identified the need for an insurance colony in human care. 

Before submitting their articles, interested authors should contact any member of the editorial team to discuss how their work fits the Special Issue theme.  Authors should articulate the conservation status of the species in the wild (IUCN threat level, estimated wild population size) and what key behavioral or other data the paper would provide that would be directly applicable to in situ conservation. For papers related to ensuring the viability of insurance colonies, please detail what data the authors can provide that would benefit captive population viability; we will consider insurance colonies as those that have been identified as being needed in a formal, published conservation plan. 

Dr. David Powell
Prof. Jennifer Tobey
Dr. Emily Lynch
Dr. Chase LaDue
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biodiversity conservation
  • zoos
  • aquariums
  • wildlife conservation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1511 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Tissue Concentrations and Liver Histopathology Following Single and Multiple Doses of Itraconazole via Immersion Bath in Panamanian Golden Frogs (Atelopus zeteki)
by Ellen Bronson, Amy Greenebaum, Marike Visser, Lisa Mangus, Kevin Barrett and Dawn Boothe
J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2026, 7(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg7020020 - 15 May 2026
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Itraconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat chytridiomycosis, one of the leading causes of global amphibian decline in species such as the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki). Despite its widespread use for prophylaxis and treatment in both assurance [...] Read more.
Itraconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat chytridiomycosis, one of the leading causes of global amphibian decline in species such as the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki). Despite its widespread use for prophylaxis and treatment in both assurance colonies and free-ranging amphibians, there is minimal pharmacologic information to guide dosing. In experiment A, frogs were exposed to 0.01% itraconazole for 10 min and tissue samples were analyzed at various time points from 1 to 84 h. In experiment B, frogs were divided into six groups and exposed to itraconazole in different combinations of concentration (0.01% or 0.001%) and time (5, 10, or 15 min) over 10 days of treatment. Tissue concentrations were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. In experiment A, following a one-time dose, itraconazole concentrations remained high until the end of the experiment at 84 h. In experiment B, at 0.01% itraconazole daily for 10 days, skin and liver concentrations were high and increased substantially over the 10-day treatment course. Frogs exposed at the lower concentration (0.001%) had tissue concentrations that appeared to remain steady. At the reported doses over 10 days, there was no histologic evidence of hepatic toxicity, although one frog was found dead in the low-dose bath at 84 h and could not be further analyzed. This experiment is an excellent example of assurance colonies providing evidence-based information for the improved care and welfare of amphibians in order to prepare for future free-ranging populations. Full article
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