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Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management
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Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 13802

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jasminka Ilich-Ernst

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Interests: nutrition; bone and body composition; osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome; nutrition in chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation; precision nutrition in health and disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although interest in precision nutrition has been increasing, there are still no large long-term clinical trials showing the efficacy/effectiveness of certain diets/nutrients and/or eating frequencies/times for enhancement of particular health outcomes in an individual or in a small group of people with similar characteristics. In this context, the fundamental role of dietitian-nutritionists and researchers would be to investigate and find a specific diet for a specific individual based on their specific condition, built on evidence-based principles and research. Currently, such precision nutrition data and studies are rare, except maybe for some cancers. This Special Issue of JPM entitled: “Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management” welcomes the submission of either original research manuscripts or reviews of the scientific literature. Manuscripts should address possible interventions with diet or individual nutrients or foods that could be applied to elicit the beneficial changes in health and disease.

Potential topics may include (but are not limited to) interventions or reviews with: macro and micronutrients, antioxidants, bioactive compounds in food, energy, alcohol and caffeine consumption, beneficial nutritional impact, chrono-nutrition.

Prof. Dr. Jasminka Ilich-Ernst
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic stress
  • inflammation
  • chronic diseases
  • cancers
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • diabetes
  • kidney diseases
  • body composition
  • osteosarcopenic adiposity and its components
  • osteopenia
  • osteoporosis
  • osteopenic obesity
  • sarcopenia
  • sarcopenic obesity
  • total body fat
  • visceral fat

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 296 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Association between Vitamin D and Changes in Cognitive Function in Chilean Older Adults: Evidence from the ALEXANDROS Cohort Study
by Carlos Márquez, Bárbara Angel, Lydia Lera, Rebecca Bendayan, Hugo Sánchez and Cecilia Albala
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(7), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071078 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1610
Abstract
Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin [...] Read more.
Background: The increasing aging of the population with the consequent increase of age-associated cognitive disorders pose the challenge of controlling its preventable risk factors, among which vitamin D deficit is a putative factor. Thus, our objective is to explore the association between vitamin D and cognitive performance in a cohort study of community-dwelling Chilean older people. Material and Methods: Cohort study of 955 (69.7% female), community-dwelling older Chileans free of cognitive impairment from the Alexandros cohorts, with 25(OH)D measurement at baseline. Cognitive Function was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) short-form questionnaire. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D were classified as Normal > 30 ng/mL Insufficiency 20–29 ng/mL, Deficiency 20–12 ng/mL and Severe Deficiency < 12 ng/mL. Penalized regressions models were made to assess associations. Results: Mean age of the sample was 66.6 + 4.5 years, with 8.5 + 4.7 years of education. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 54 new cases of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)were identified (Incidence density rate = 5.9 per 1000 person/years). Mean vitamin D plasma levels were lower in people with MCI than in the normal cognitive ones (23.0 + 12.75 vs. 28.35 + 15.17 ng/mL, p < 0.01). In the fully adjusted model only severe deficiency of vitamin D was associated with MCI (RR = 2.33; 95% CI: (1.03–5.26). Conclusions: In this longitudinal study, our results confirm that low Vitamin D is a risk factor for MCI, and that people with severe deficiency have more than double the risk of MCI people with normal Vitamin D levels. Considering the high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in older people, and its preventability, these results are very valuable for future public health programmes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management)

Review

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18 pages, 1627 KiB  
Review
L-Carnitine and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review on Nutrition and Health Perspectives
by Bharti Sharma and Dinesh Kumar Yadav
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020298 - 08 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6762
Abstract
Progressive segmental glomerulosclerosis is acknowledged as a characteristic of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It is a major health issue that exponentially reduces health and economy and also causes serious morbidity and mortality across the globe. This review is aimed at comprehending the health [...] Read more.
Progressive segmental glomerulosclerosis is acknowledged as a characteristic of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It is a major health issue that exponentially reduces health and economy and also causes serious morbidity and mortality across the globe. This review is aimed at comprehending the health perspectives of L-Carnitine (LC) as an adjuvant regimen for alleviating CKD and its associated complications. The data were gathered from different online databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, ACS publication, PubMed, Springer, etc., using keywords such as CKD/Kidney disease, current epidemiology and its prevalence, LC supplementations, sources of LC, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of LC and its supplementation for mimicking the CKD and its associated problem, etc. Various items of literature concerning CKD were gathered and screened by experts based on their inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings suggest that, among the different comorbidities such as oxidative stress and inflammatory stress, erythropoietin-resistant anemia, intradialytic hypotension, muscle weakness, myalgia, etc., are considered as the most significant onset symptoms in CKD or hemodialysis patients. LC or creatine supplementation provides an effective adjuvant or therapeutic regimen that significantly reduces oxidative and inflammatory stress and erythropoietin-resistant anemia and evades comorbidities such as tiredness, impaired cognition, muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle wasting. However, no significant changes were found in biochemical alteration such as creatinine, uric acid, urea, etc., after creatine supplementation in a patient with renal dysfunction. The expert-recommended dose of LC or creatine to a patient is approached for better outcomes of LC as a nutritional therapy regimen for CKD-associated complications. Hence, it can be suggested that LC provides an effective nutritional therapy to ameliorate impaired biochemicals and kidney function and to treat CKD and its associated complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management)
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19 pages, 19352 KiB  
Review
Buckwheat and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Erand Llanaj, Noushin Sadat Ahanchi, Helga Dizdari, Petek Eylul Taneri, Christa D. Niehot, Faina Wehrli, Farnaz Khatami, Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi, Lum Kastrati, Arjola Bano, Marija Glisic and Taulant Muka
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(12), 1940; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12121940 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3298
Abstract
Buckwheat (BW) is suggested to have beneficial effects, but evidence on how it affects cardiometabolic health (CMH) is not yet established. We aimed to assess the effects of BW and/or its related bioactive compounds on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in adults. Five [...] Read more.
Buckwheat (BW) is suggested to have beneficial effects, but evidence on how it affects cardiometabolic health (CMH) is not yet established. We aimed to assess the effects of BW and/or its related bioactive compounds on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in adults. Five databases were searched for eligible studies. Observational prospective studies, nonrandomized or randomized trials were considered if they assessed BW, rutin or quercetin-3-glucoside intake and CVD risk markers. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting. We selected 16 human studies based on 831 subjects with mild metabolic disturbances, such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and/or overweight. Eight studies, investigating primarily grain components, were included in the meta-analyses (n = 464). High study heterogeneity was present across most of our analyses. Weighted mean difference (WMD) for subjects receiving BW supplementation, compared to controls, were − 0.14 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.30; 0.02) for total cholesterol (TC), −0.03 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.22; 0.16) for LDL cholesterol, −0.14 kg (95% CI: −1.50; 1.22) for body weight, −0.04 mmol/L (95% CI: − 0.09;0.02) for HDL cholesterol, −0.02 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.15; 0.11) for triglycerides and −0.18 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.36; 0.003) for glucose. Most of the studies (66.7%) had concerns of risk of bias. Studies investigating other CVD markers were scarce and with inconsistent findings, where available. Evidence on how BW affects CMH is limited. However, the available literature indicates that BW supplementation in mild dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes may provide some benefit in lowering TC and glucose, albeit non-significant. Our work highlights the need for more rigorous trials, with better methodological rigor to clarify remaining uncertainties on potential effects of BW on CMH and its utility in clinical nutrition practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management)
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Other

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14 pages, 989 KiB  
Study Protocol
Assessment of the Impact of Nutritional Intervention with the Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v on Nutritional Status and Quality of Life of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Patients—A Randomized Double-Blind Study Protocol
by Karolina Osowiecka, Damian Skrypnik and Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(12), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13121659 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1202
Abstract
The current treatment for the autoimmune disease of hypothyroidism (AIDH) is based on pharmacotherapy with levothyroxine. A non-pharmacological supplementary element of therapy could be the implementation of an individualized balanced diet and probiotics. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), with its anti-inflammatory effects, [...] Read more.
The current treatment for the autoimmune disease of hypothyroidism (AIDH) is based on pharmacotherapy with levothyroxine. A non-pharmacological supplementary element of therapy could be the implementation of an individualized balanced diet and probiotics. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v), with its anti-inflammatory effects, may also support the therapy. However, the number of studies on personalized dietary interventions with probiotics in AIDH is limited, and no clear conclusions can be drawn from the results so far. Therefore, this trial will analyze the effect of Lp299v supplementation in conjunction with nutrition education on the quality of life and nutritional status of patients with Hashimoto’s. Methods: This double-blind, 12-week intervention study will include 100 female patients with AIDH. They will be divided into two groups: (1) individual personalized nutrition education + Lp299v and (2) individual personalized nutrition education + placebo. Before and after the education intervention, selected elements in the diet, eating behavior, quality of life, nutritional status (anthropometric parameters, body composition), blood pressure, and anti-TPO (antibodies against thyroid peroxidase) titer will be assessed. Hypothesis: It is expected that this study will provide deeper knowledge on the validity of using proper nutritional principles and Lp299v in AIDH. Specifically, the impact on the subjective assessment of the quality of life, selected elements in the diet, and the state of nutrition and health will be assessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Nutrition as a Medicine in Disease Prevention and Management)
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