Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Gynecology: From Diagnosis to Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Personalized Therapy and Drug Delivery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2025) | Viewed by 1865

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi Nesima, 95124 Catania, Italy
Interests: obstetrics; gynaecology; reproductive medicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the dynamic field of gynecology, the journey from diagnosis to treatment has been significantly shaped by advancements in medical technology, evolving diagnostic criteria, and innovative therapeutic modalities. This journey encompasses a spectrum of conditions and concerns that are unique to the female reproductive system, ranging from routine screenings for cervical cancer to complex fertility treatments and the management of menopausal symptoms.

Over the past decades, the landscape of gynecological care has witnessed remarkable transformations, propelled by breakthroughs in medical research and a deeper understanding of women’s health needs. In this update, we embark on an exploration of the latest developments that define contemporary gynecology, tracing the trajectory from precise diagnostic techniques to tailored treatment strategies.

At the heart of this discussion lies the pivotal role of accurate diagnosis, which serves as the cornerstone for the effective management of gynecological conditions. Advances in imaging technologies, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have revolutionized the diagnostic armamentarium, enabling clinicians to visualize anatomical structures with unprecedented clarity and precision. Additionally, molecular and genetic testing have ushered in a new era of personalized medicine, allowing for targeted interventions based on individual genetic profiles and biomarker analysis.

Furthermore, the journey from diagnosis to treatment encompasses a diverse array of therapeutic modalities, ranging from pharmacological interventions to minimally invasive surgical techniques. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift towards conservative management approaches, emphasizing the preservation of fertility and quality of life. This shift is particularly evident in the management of conditions such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids, where innovative medical therapies and minimally invasive procedures offer alternatives to traditional surgical interventions.

Moreover, the landscape of gynecological oncology has been transformed by advancements in precision medicine and immunotherapy, ushering in a new era of personalized cancer care. From targeted molecular therapies to novel immunomodulatory agents, these groundbreaking treatments hold promise for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for women with gynecological malignancies.

In this update on gynecology, we embark on a comprehensive journey from diagnosis to treatment, exploring the latest advancements that shape the landscape of women’s health care. By delving into the intricate interplay between cutting-edge diagnostics and innovative therapeutic modalities, we aim to provide insights into the evolving landscape of gynecological care and its profound impact on patient outcomes and well-being. Therefore, original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses are welcome in this Special Issue.

Dr. Ferdinando Antonio Gulino
Dr. Stefano Cianci
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • gynecology
  • precision medicine
  • gynecologic oncology
  • women health
  • cancer prevention
  • minimally invasive gynecology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1182 KB  
Article
Sonographic and Clinical Progression of Adenomyosis and Coexisting Endometriosis: Long-Term Insights and Management Perspectives
by Francesco Giuseppe Martire, Claudia d’Abate, Eugenia Costantini, Maria De Bonis, Giuseppe Sorrenti, Gabriele Centini, Errico Zupi and Lucia Lazzeri
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(11), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15110538 - 6 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of hormonal therapy on the evolution of painful symptoms in premenopausal women with adenomyosis, with or without concomitant endometriosis, over an 18-month follow-up period. This study aimed to compare the symptomatic progression between treated and untreated patients, highlighting [...] Read more.
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of hormonal therapy on the evolution of painful symptoms in premenopausal women with adenomyosis, with or without concomitant endometriosis, over an 18-month follow-up period. This study aimed to compare the symptomatic progression between treated and untreated patients, highlighting the potential role of medical therapy in symptom control and disease stabilization. Secondary, an objective was to explore sonographic changes within our study population, in parallel with clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted at the Endometriosis Referral Center of the University Hospital of Siena, included 40 women with ultrasound evidence of adenomyosis with and without endometriosis. The population was divided into two groups: 20 patients receiving hormone treatment and 20 not receiving hormone treatment. All patients underwent clinical and ultrasound examinations throughout an 18-month follow-up period, during which types, locations, degrees of disease, and associated symptoms were evaluated. Results: Forty patients enrolled in the study presenting with symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and heavy menstrual bleeding were included. A total of 22 patients showed isolated adenomyosis, while 18 adenomyosis and endometriosis both. The mean age was 38.5 years (±4.2 SD), with 57.5% being nulliparous. The types of adenomyosis detected were focal in 25%, diffuse in 50%, and mixed (both focal and diffuse) in 25%. Disease severity was classified as mild in 15%, moderate in 45%, and severe in 40%. After 18 months of continuous hormonal therapy, a reduction in focal adenomyosis was observed in 10%, and an improvement of dysmenorrhea and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) was noted, while a slight ameliorating of dyspareunia was detected. In contrast, untreated patients showed either unchanged or worsened symptoms. Conclusions: The findings underscore the value of medical therapy in the management of adenomyosis, supporting current recommendations. Given the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and frequent overlap with endometriosis, a personalized treatment approach remains essential. Further larger-scale, long-term studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and explore the potential impact on fertility preservation. Full article
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8 pages, 367 KB  
Article
Fetal Thigh Circumference Nomograms Across Gestational Ages: A Retrospective Study
by Ferdinando Antonio Gulino, Giorgio Arcarese, Giosuè Giordano Incognito, Giuliana Orlandi, Olimpia Gabrielli, Antonia Lettieri, Luigi Manzo, Laura Letizia Mazzarelli, Giordana Sica, Letizia Di Meglio, Lavinia Di Meglio, Attilio Tuscano, Sara Occhipinti, Maurizio Guida and Aniello Di Meglio
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070265 - 22 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fetal thigh circumference (ThC) may be a valuable parameter for assessing fetal growth. Thus, this study aimed to establish reference ranges for ThC across gestational ages (GA). Methods: This retrospective study included singleton pregnancies between 12 and 38 weeks of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Fetal thigh circumference (ThC) may be a valuable parameter for assessing fetal growth. Thus, this study aimed to establish reference ranges for ThC across gestational ages (GA). Methods: This retrospective study included singleton pregnancies between 12 and 38 weeks of gestation. ThC measurements were obtained during routine ultrasound examinations. GA was confirmed through the last menstrual period and first-trimester crown–rump length measurements. Percentile ranges for ThC were calculated for each gestational week, and statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between ThC and GA. Results: 48,841 singleton pregnancies were included. A positive correlation was observed between ThC and GA, with ThC values increasing progressively from 12 to 38 weeks. The study established the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile ranges for ThC, providing reference values for clinical assessments. Conclusions: This study provides reference ranges for fetal ThC across a wide GA range, highlighting its potential as a tool in prenatal care. ThC may offer an additional parameter for monitoring fetal growth, especially when standard measurements are challenging. Further research should investigate the integration of ThC with other fetal growth parameters to enhance its clinical utility. Additionally, these nomograms can be used to assess their usefulness in certain conditions, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macrosomia, and congenital skeletal dysplasias. Full article
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