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Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition
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Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Geological Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 March 2025 | Viewed by 6661

Image courtesy of Fabio Bruno

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Javier Prieto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: artificial intelligence; blockchain; deep learning; satellite systems; robot vision; cognitive robotics; sensor fusion; data fusion; mobile robotics; wireless networks; robotics; security; Internet of Things
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Prof. Dr. Fabio Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical, Energy, and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
Interests: 3D recording; underwater technologies; virtual reality; augmented reality
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Dr. Antonio Lagudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
3DResearch s.r.l., Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: computer vision; underwater technologies; 3D recording; AR/VR technologies
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Dr. Michela Ricca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: cultural heritage; characterization and diagnostics of stone building materials and their decay processes; experimentation of innovative protective products for materials; archaeometry; underwater archaeology
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Prof. Dr. Mauro Francesco La Russa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
Interests: cultural heritage; the characterization of stone building materials and their decay; the experimentation of innovative protective products; the archeometria study of chronologically different ceramic remains in subaerial and underwater environments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. George Papatheodorou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oceanus-Lab, Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: marine geology; environmental oceanography; archaeological oceanography; marine remote sensing
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Prof. Dr. Nikola Mišković

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: marine robotics (underwater and surface); autonomous systems; guidance, control and navigation; automatic control; nonlinear systems; identification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is a crucial asset for the knowledge of humankind’s history and traditions. It is tangible evidence of past human life that has to be protected to ensure its accessibility to present and future generations.

The documentation, preservation, and dissemination of UCH is an open challenge that is strongly interdisciplinary because it involves collaboration among various experts from different sectors, such as archaeology, geology, biology, marine science, engineering, robotics, computer science, and numerous other disciplines.

This Special Issue intends to collect original and high-quality research articles and technical notes devoted to the knowledge of underwater materials and promote innovative methodologies, applications, and emerging technological solutions on the subject of materials that lie underwater.

Submissions are welcome that contribute to providing a multidisciplinary forum for cutting-edge scientific and technological issues in materials science, underwater archaeology, archaeometry, cultural heritage, alteration and aging, climate impact, case studies, and other related fields involving the large and varied community of experts from around the globe working in the underwater cultural heritage field.

Contributions are invited on the following topics:

  • Monitoring systems provide awareness of both the artefact conservation status and the surrounding environment.
  • AI-based decision support system (DSS) that helps to collect data from the aerial and marine environment.
  • Data process by means of AI techniques to infer subjacent relations among the parameters registered and to perform a comparative data analysis able to define which environmental aspects have a deeper impact on the preservation of the UCH.
  • Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) to perform and support the monitoring and maintenance activities that will be based on innovative modular and configurable architectures.
  • Systems management and protocols for the maintenance and enhancement of UCHs.
  • Underwater conservation and restoration strategies.
  • Methodologies and digital tools for underwater and aerial archaeology.
  • Sensors and innovative monitoring for the aerial and marine environment.
  • Green Conservation strategies applied to Cultural Heritage.
  • Sustainability and Cultural Heritage: New perspectives.

Dr. Javier Prieto
Prof. Dr. Fabio Bruno
Dr. Antonio Lagudi
Dr. Michela Ricca
Prof. Dr. Mauro Francesco La Russa
Prof. Dr. George Papatheodorou
Prof. Dr. Nikola Mišković
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • underwater cultural heritage
  • virtual and augmented reality
  • marine robotics
  • artificial intelligence
  • underwater 3D imaging
  • conservation
  • diagnostics

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  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 5924 KiB  
Article
A Risk Assessment of Underwater Cultural Heritage for Wave-Induced Hazards: The Impact of Climate Change on Cadiz Bay
by C. Ferrero-Martín, A. Izquierdo, M. Bethencourt and T. Fernández-Montblanc
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010136 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
The combination of future changes in sea levels and wave climate in coastal areas represents one of the greatest threats to the preservation of underwater cultural heritage (UCH). This study presents a new methodology to assess climate change’s impacts on UCH preservation in [...] Read more.
The combination of future changes in sea levels and wave climate in coastal areas represents one of the greatest threats to the preservation of underwater cultural heritage (UCH). This study presents a new methodology to assess climate change’s impacts on UCH preservation in shallow waters, focusing on wave-induced hazards like decontextualization, scouring, and wear erosion. The approach uses hybrid downscaling of bias-corrected wave fields from the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 CMIP5 scenarios. The methodology was applied in the Bay of Cadiz, where an overall reduction in wave energy flux was observed. However, local increases were detected in rocky outcrops and coastal areas with high UCH density. As a result, the shallow zones exhibited significant changes in decontextualization and scouring hazards. However, the most relevant risk changes were linked to wear erosion, particularly at sites on rocky outcrops near Cadiz. The methodology proposed in this study is essential for identifying areas with higher risk and for evaluating UCH preservation under future climate conditions. It offers an effective tool for discriminating sites at risk and for conducting a long-term assessment of these risks in coastal environments affected by climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 4244 KiB  
Article
Edge Computing Architecture for the Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage
by Jorge Herrera-Santos, Marta Plaza-Hernández, Sebastián López-Florez, Vladimir Djapic, Javier Prieto Tejedor and Emilio Santiago Corchado-Rodríguez
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2250; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122250 - 7 Dec 2024
Viewed by 868
Abstract
Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is a valuable resource that preserves humanity’s historical legacy, offering insights into traditions and civilisations. Despite its significance, UCH faces threats from inadequate regulatory frameworks, insufficient conservation technologies, and climate-induced environmental changes. This paper proposes an innovative platform combining [...] Read more.
Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is a valuable resource that preserves humanity’s historical legacy, offering insights into traditions and civilisations. Despite its significance, UCH faces threats from inadequate regulatory frameworks, insufficient conservation technologies, and climate-induced environmental changes. This paper proposes an innovative platform combining the internet of underwater things and edge computing technologies to enhance UCH’s real-time monitoring, localisation, and management. The platform processes data through a central unit installed on a buoy near heritage sites, enabling efficient data analysis and decision making without relying on cloud connectivity. Integrating acoustic communication systems, LoRa technology, and nonterrestrial networks supports a robust multilayered communication infrastructure for continuous operation, even in remote maritime areas. The platform’s edge node deploys artificial intelligence models for real-time risk assessment, focusing on key environmental parameters to predict and mitigate corrosion rates and climate-related threats. A case study illustrates the system’s capabilities in underwater localisation, demonstrating how edge computing and acoustic triangulation techniques enable precise tracking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition)
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29 pages, 13372 KiB  
Article
Identifying Anthropogenic Versus Natural Submerged Prehistoric Landscapes: Two Case Studies from the Sicilian Channel
by Ehud Galili, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Ilaria Patania, Amir Bar and Isaac Ogloblin Ramirez
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(11), 1981; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12111981 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 897
Abstract
In submerged landscapes, distinguishing anthropogenic features versus natural ones is often challenging. We have developed a set of criteria to validate the identification of submerged anthropogenic remains that include examining the geological context, sea-level considerations, associated archaeological finds (including coastal survey), and documenting [...] Read more.
In submerged landscapes, distinguishing anthropogenic features versus natural ones is often challenging. We have developed a set of criteria to validate the identification of submerged anthropogenic remains that include examining the geological context, sea-level considerations, associated archaeological finds (including coastal survey), and documenting the broader archaeological context. Furthermore, our experience demonstrates that, while progress has been made in applying remote-sensing technologies to detect anthropogenic features on the seabed, there is no substitute for direct, visual assessment by an underwater archaeologist for verification of their anthropogenic status. We have applied these criteria to examine two published case studies detailing suspected anthropogenic stone features on the seabed in the Sicilian Channel. Our examination has led us to conclude that both localities are not anthropogenic features. The Pantelleria Vecchia Bank features represent natural outcrops on a submerged paleo-landscape that were shaped by depositional and erosional processes during transgression and regression periods. The suspected Lampedusa cultic site comprises natural features that are located on a submerged neo-landscape formed due to erosion and retreat of the coastal cliff since the mid-Holocene, when the sea level reached its present level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 5890 KiB  
Article
Revisiting the Serçe Limanı Sail Plan
by Nathan Helfman, Josef Rott and Deborah Cvikel
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 937; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060937 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 652
Abstract
The reconstruction of the Serçe Limanı ship proposed a double-masted rig consisting of two sails with a total combined area of 100 m2. That proposal considered provenance evidence and appraised hydrodynamic and hydrostatic conditions. The current paper proposes an alternative rig [...] Read more.
The reconstruction of the Serçe Limanı ship proposed a double-masted rig consisting of two sails with a total combined area of 100 m2. That proposal considered provenance evidence and appraised hydrodynamic and hydrostatic conditions. The current paper proposes an alternative rig consisting of a single sail. By applying computational fluid analysis and hydrostatic stability software to evaluate hull resistance, sail propulsion, and heeling moments, it has been demonstrated that a sail of no less than 150 m2 was suited to propel the Serçe Limanı. One of the two suitable alternative sails tested has been selected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition)
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Review

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20 pages, 5854 KiB  
Review
Underwater Cultural Heritage Documentation Using Photogrammetry
by Alessio Calantropio and Filiberto Chiabrando
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030413 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2094
Abstract
Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is an irreplaceable resource with intrinsic value that requires preservation, documentation, and safeguarding. Documentation is fundamental to increasing UCH resilience, providing a basis for monitoring, conservation, and management. Advanced UCH documentation and virtualization technologies are increasingly important for dissemination [...] Read more.
Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is an irreplaceable resource with intrinsic value that requires preservation, documentation, and safeguarding. Documentation is fundamental to increasing UCH resilience, providing a basis for monitoring, conservation, and management. Advanced UCH documentation and virtualization technologies are increasingly important for dissemination and visualization purposes, domain expert study, replica reproduction, degradation monitoring, and all other outcomes after a metric survey of cultural heritage (CH). Among the different metric documentation techniques, underwater photogrammetry is the most widely used for UCH documentation. It is a non-destructive and relatively inexpensive method that can produce high-resolution 3D models and 2D orthomosaics of underwater sites and artifacts. However, underwater photogrammetry is challenged by the different optical properties of water, light penetration, visibility and suspension, radiometric issues, and environmental drawbacks that make underwater documentation difficult. This paper introduces some of the recent applications of photogrammetric techniques and methods for UCH documentation, as well as the needs and shortcomings of the current state of the art. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Maritime and Underwater Archaeology—2nd Edition)
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