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Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development

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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 19402

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fan-Hua Nan

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Guest Editor

Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
Interests: invertebrate; physiology; immunostimulants; aquaculture; food safety

Dr. Po-Tsang Lee

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Guest Editor

Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
Interests: bacterial fish pathology; immunology; molecular biology; aquaculture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Aquaculture Development” is designed for the publication of investigations related to the nutrition and immunity of all cultivated aquatic animals. “Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Aquaculture Development” considers studies on nutritional biochemistry, physiology, and immunity of cultured aquatic animals that may facilitate sustainable aquaculture development. This Special Issue also considers manuscripts in relation to the development of functional feed for immunity regulation of aquatic animals, specific vaccines, and innovative prophylactic approaches against diseases, which promote sustainable aquaculture.

The aims and scope include:

Increasing basic knowledge of the nutritional requirements of aquaculture species;
Improving our understanding on the immunity of aquaculture species;
Strengthening the relationships between nutritional management and processing, product quality, ecological risk assessments, and the consumer.

Prof. Dr. Fan-Hua Nan
Dr. Po-Tsang Lee
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

Nutrition
Immunity
Sustainable aquaculture
Fishery
Biochemistry and physiology

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Oleic Acid-Enriched Diet in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) upon Infection with Vibrio vulnificus Using an LC-qTOF-MS Approach

by Maya Erna Natnan, Chen-Fei Low, Chou-Min Chong, Wanilada Rungrassamee and Syarul Nataqain Baharum

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(8), 1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081563 - 7 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oleic acid supplements on the liver metabolome of hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. Oleic acid was used as a fish feed supplement because it has been reported to enhance the immune response of fish. After six weeks of feeding trials with the control and experimental diets (oleic acid immunostimulant), 10 fish were randomly selected from each treatment and challenged with V. vulnificus by immersion for 30 min. After seven days of post-bacterial challenge, the liver samples of surviving infected groupers were dissected and used for metabolomics fingerprinting using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). The results were then analyzed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and SIMCA+P software. From the analyses conducted, out of 639 primary metabolites detected, a total of 66 metabolites were significantly identified from the liver samples of grouper fed control and oleic acid diets. Further analysis also showed that the control and oleic acid diets have significantly different metabolites by the discriminating clustering of samples based on the PLS-DA analysis. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the known metabolites pathways with high impact values are alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (0.13) followed by purine metabolism pathways (0.05). Moreover, out of these highly impacted metabolic pathways, L-glutamine (8.71%), L-lysine (4.05%), L-carnitine (11.53%), and inosine (10.49%) were the several metabolites that were highly abundant in the liver sample of surviving infected hybrid groupers fed with dietary oleic acid. The changes of metabolites contributed to improving the immune system of the fish. Thus, our results advance our understanding of the immunological regulation of the hybrid groupers’ immune response toward oleic acid immunostimulants against Vibrio infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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16 pages, 13677 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Novel Interleukin-1 Family Member (nIL-1Fm) Gene in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

by Eakapol Wangkahart, Sukanda Jumpalueang, Supanniga Ardprachan, Janjira Phudkliang, Phitcharat Sunthamala, Sirinya Pholchamat and Zhitao Qi

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(9), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091272 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2023

Abstract

In this study, a novel interleukin-1-family member (nIL-1Fm) was studied from the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a widely cultured fish species in brackish water and freshwater in Thailand and worldwide. The complete sequence of the Nile tilapia nIL-1Fm comprised 2474 bp, encoding 350 amino acids. The genome organization of nIL-1Fm had seven exons and six introns, which were conserved in teleost fish. During tissue distribution analysis, the nIL-1Fm was extremely increased in the head kidney, tailfin and trunk kidney, which had the highest levels, followed by the spleen. Additionally, nIL-1Fm was significantly up-regulated under PAMP stimulation, whereas the stimulation of LPS, PHA and poly I:C could significantly induce nIL-1Fm expression in vitro. Moreover, nIL-1Fm transcription was significantly induced when infected with Streptococcus agalactiae in the spleen, liver and intestine. Taking together, our results indicated that nIL-1Fm can expand our knowledge of the IL-1 cytokine family in fish immune response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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17 pages, 28815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Characterization, Evolution and Expression Analysis of TNFSF14 and Three TNFSF Receptors in Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus

by Yaxin Wu, Zhao Jia, Huifeng Dang, Hehe Xiao, Wenji Huang, Qin Liu, Kangyong Chen, Lei Zhang, Jun Zou and Junya Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081035 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1774

Abstract

The tumor necrosis superfamily (TNFSF) and their receptors (TNFRs) play an essential role in inflammatory responses. In this study, tnfsf14, tnfrsf1a, tnfrsf1b and tnfrsf14 were identified in spotted gar. All the genes have conserved genomic organization and synteny with their respective homologs in zebrafish and humans. The putative TNFSF protein contains a typical TNF homology domain in the extracellular region. All three TNFRSFs possess characteristic cysteine-rich domains. TNFRSF1a has a death domain in the cytosolic region which is absent in the TNFRSF1b and TNFRSF14. Notably, TNFRSF14 lacks a transmembrane domain and is predicted to be secreted. Protein structure modeling revealed that the key residues involved in the interaction between TNFSF14 and TNFRSF14 are well conserved in spotted gar. All four genes were ubiquitously expressed in the spleen, liver, kidney, gills and intestine. Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae resulted in remarkable downregulation of tnfsf14 and tnfrsf14 in tissues but upregulation of tnfrsf1a and tnfrsf1b. The results indicate that tnfsf14, tnfrsf1a, tnfrsf1b and tnfrsf14 are involved in the immune response to bacterial infection, and expand knowledge on the TNF system in the primitive ray-finned fish. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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11 pages, 1517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Natural Feed Supplements Improve Growth, Non-Specific Immune Responses and Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in Lates calcarifer

by Zhen-Hao Liao, Huai-Ting Huang, Yu-Ru Lin, Bo-Ying Chen, Yi-Fan Lee, Yuan-Heng Lin, Chieh-Yuan Chuang and Fan-Hua Nan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050692 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1805

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary natural feed supplement on the growth performance, non-specific responses, and disease resistance in Lates calcarifer. Three commercial products (A, B, and C) containing a basal probiotic mixture were tested. Product A contained a basal mixture of Paenibacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10⁷ cfu/g for each probiotic); product B contained additional Lactobacillus plantarum (10¹⁰ cfu/g); and product C contained additional soybean peptides (500 g/kg) and garlic powder (1 g/kg). Each product was supplemented into subject diets at dosages of 1 or 2 g/kg (designated as the A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2 groups, respectively). Following an eight-week trial, growth parameters (specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio), non-specific immune responses (O₂⁻ production, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index), and the results of a challenge test against Vibrio alginolyticus were evaluated. The results show that all probiotic supplement groups exhibited an improvement in growth performance compared to the control group (non-probiotic diet). In terms of non-specific immunity parameters, a significant improvement in O₂⁻ production was found in the C2 group, whereas significant improvements in phagocytic activity were found in all the B and C groups. The C2 group displayed optimal O₂⁻ production, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index results. For the challenge test, the C groups showed higher Vibrio resistance than the other experimental groups and the control group. These results suggest that product C, given at dosages of 2 g/kg, may serve as a growth-promoting and immunostimulatory additive for the cultivation of Asian seabass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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10 pages, 2053 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Inactivated Whole Vaccine Inhibits Lethal Vibrio harveyi Infection in Oplegnathus punctatus

by Po-Tsang Lee, Jing Huang and Fan-Hua Nan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050625 - 2 May 2022

Viewed by 2188

Abstract

Aquaculture plays a key role in food production globally and provides a valuable source of protein and nutrition, addressing a worldwide growing demand. Oplegnathus punctatus (spotted knifejaw) is an economically important fish species with a high market value and demand. Previous studies on O. punctatus focused mainly on gonadal development, chromosomal microstructure, selective breeding, characterization of immune genes, and viral diseases. There is no published scientific research regarding vibriosis in this fish species. In this study, two potential pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio harveyi and Enterococcus gallinarum, were isolated from moribund cultured O. punctatus. The sequence of the universal 16S rDNA gene was used to identify potential pathogenic bacteria isolated from the moribund O. punctatus, and morphological assessments and API20E tests of the bacterial isolates were conducted to verify the identity and biochemical characteristics of the isolates. Injection of E. gallinarum did not lead to mortality in O. punctatus during the 21 days of observation. In contrast, fish died overnight when challenged with V. harveyi at 1.25 × 10⁵ CFU/g body weight, suggesting that the cause of death of the cultured O. punctatus was V. harveyi infection. Antimicrobial sensitivity analyses revealed that the V. harveyi strain NTOU is sensitive to flumequine, doxycycline, oxolinic acid, and amoxycillin. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that intraperitoneal administration of an inactivated V. harveyi whole-cell vaccine resulted in a high level of protection against V. harveyi infection in O. punctatus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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12 pages, 2111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Antrodia camphorata-Supplemented Diets on the Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) against Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptococcus iniae

by Hsiang-Chieh Chuang, Yin-Ze Shi, Chiu-Min Cheng, Chieh-Yu Pan and Ann-Chang Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040458 - 24 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1918

Abstract

In Taiwan, the mushroom Antrodia camphorata (AC) is used for medicinal purposes, including cancer prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AC-supplemented diets on the innate immunity and disease resistance of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides against two bacterial infections—Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. Orange-spotted groupers were fed AC-supplemented diets at 0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 g kg⁻¹ for 28 days and examined for innate immune responses and survival rates against V. alginolyticus and S. iniae. The results showed that the innate cellular and humoral immune parameters, including respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, and lysozyme activity of leukocytes, along with serum alternative complement activity (ACH₅₀) and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, were all significantly increased in groupers fed AC-supplemented diets. Groupers fed diets containing AC at doses higher than 3.0 g kg⁻¹ had better survival rates than the control group 3–18 days after V. alginolyticus or S. iniae challenge. The enhanced disease resistance may be attributable to AC-induced innate immunity, suggesting that utilizing AC as a dietary supplement at 3.0 g kg⁻¹ may enhance the disease resistance of orange-spotted groupers against Vibrio or Streptococcus infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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17 pages, 2505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Agaricus blazei Spent Substrate Improves Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae In Vivo

by Po-Tsang Lee, Yu-Sheng Wu, Chung-Chih Tseng, Jia-Yu Lu and Meng-Chou Lee

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010100 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2238

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of the feeding of spent mushroom substrate from Agaricus blazei on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The safety of 0–1000 μg/mL A. blazei spent substrate water extract (ABSSE) was demonstrated in the primary hepatic and splenic macrophages and the THK cell line (a cell line with characteristics of melanomacrophages) using a cytotoxicity assay. Here, 10 μg/mL of crude ABSSE promoted the phagocytic activity of macrophages and THK cells. Stimulating ABSSE-primed THK cells with lipopolysaccharides or peptidoglycan resulted in higher expression levels of four cytokine genes (e.g., interleukinz (IL)-1β, IL-12b, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) and one cytokine gene (TNFα), respectively. An in vitro bacterial growth inhibition assay demonstrated that ABSSE could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. In the first feeding trial, Nile tilapia were fed with experimental feed containing 0, 1, or 5% of A. blazei spent substrate (ABSS) for seven and fourteen days followed by bacterial challenge assay. The best result was obtained when Nile tilapia were continuously fed for seven days on a diet containing 1% ABSS, with the survival rate being higher than in groups with 0% and 5% ABSS after challenge with S. agalactiae. In the second trial, fish were fed diets supplemented with 0% or 1% ABSS for seven days, and then all the groups were given the control feed for several days prior to bacterial challenge in order to investigate the duration of the protective effect provided by ABSS. The results showed that the protective effects were sustained at day 7 after the feed was switched. Overall, spent mushroom substrate from A. blazei is a cost-effective feed additive for Nile tilapia that protects fish from S. agalactiae infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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17 pages, 3710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Micro-Aid Liquid 10 Promotes Growth Performance and Health Status of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

by Kuo-Chin Huang, Jai-Wei Lee, Ya-Li Shiu, Rolissa Ballantyne and Chun-Hung Liu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010049 - 2 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2271

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the Micro-Aid Liquid 10 (MAL10) (DPI Global, Porterville, CA, USA), a product made from yucca extract, on growth performance, gut microbiota, and resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei against infectious disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. MAL10 was added to shrimp rearing water at different levels of 0 (control), 0.25 mL m³⁻¹ (W0.25), 0.5 mL m³⁻¹ (W0.5), 1 mL m³⁻¹ (W1), and 5 mL m³⁻¹ (W5), respectively, once per week for 70 days. Growth performances, including final body weight, specific growth rate, average daily growth and percentage of weight gain, were significantly improved by adding the MAL10 at levels up to 5 mL m³⁻¹, which may be due to the proliferation of B cells in hepatopancreas of MAL10-treated shrimp. No significant differences in the total viable count and Vibrio-like count in the gut of shrimp were recorded by spread plate method. In the challenge test, shrimp reared in the water supplemented with MAL10 at levels of 1–5 mL m³⁻¹ had significantly lower cumulative mortality after a challenge test with V. alginolyticus compared to shrimp reared in the control, W0.25 and W0.5 groups. Next-generation sequencing indicated that the relative distribution of phylum Proteobacteria in control (80.4%) was higher than the W (77.4%). The proportion of Vibrio was primarily dominant genera in the shrimp intestine and highest in the control group compared to the W group, followed by Spongiimonas, Motilimonas, Demequina, and Shewanella genera. Although there was no statistically significant difference, higher α-diversity indices were recorded in the W5-treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it is considered that MAL10 could be used as a natural alternative in shrimp aquaculture to reduce the risk of infectious disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio and improve the growth performance of white shrimp. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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14 pages, 36187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sarcodia suieae Acetyl-Xylogalactan Regulates Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Tissue Phagocytotic Activity and Serum Indices

by Po-Kai Pan, Tsung-Meng Wu, Chiu-Ming Wen, Yin-Yu Chen and Yu-Sheng Wu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010018 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2360

Abstract

Sarcodia suieae acetyl-xylogalactan was reported to induce macrophage polarisation, and could positively regulate macrophage activation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Sarcodia suieae acetyl-xylogalactan on the Nile tilapia. First, we assessed the influence of acetyl-xylogalactan on the survival, glucose uptake, and phagocytic activity of tilapia head kidney (THK) melanomacrophage, and observed increased proliferation of these cells in the MTT assay after 12 and 24 h of treatment. Glucose uptake increased in THK melanomacrophage treated with 20 and 30 μg acetyl-xylogalactan for 24 h. Their phagocytic activity was positively enhanced following exposure to acetyl-xylogalactan. Nile tilapia were fed with acetyl-xylogalactan for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, Nile tilapia were sacrificed, and the lipopolysaccharide-induced liver and head-kidney apoptosis was examined under reducing conditions in comparison with controls. The phagocytic activities of liver and head-kidney cells were enhanced after 4 weeks of feeding. Blood biochemical analysis revealed a reduction in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels after 4 weeks of feeding. Combined with in vitro and in vivo experiments results, the extracted S. suieae acetyl-xylogalactan could directly induce THK melanomacrophage proliferation, glucose uptake, and phagocytic activity. Acetyl-xylogalactan was able to induce Nile tilapia liver and head-kidney resident macrophage activity, and reduced LPS-induced liver and head-kidney cell apoptosis. S. suieae acetyl-xylogalactan may modulate Nile tilapia macrophage activation by polarising them into M1 macrophages to improve the Nile tilapia nonspecific immune response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Immunity for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Development)

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