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Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition
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Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2026 | Viewed by 1736

Editors

Prof. Dr. Jinyu Sheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
Interests: ocean dynamics; atmospheric dynamics; modelling and prediction; numerical methods; air–sea interaction; wave–current interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. William Perrie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
Interests: air-sea interactions; atmosphere-ocean models; marine storms; ocean remote sensing; ocean surface waves; regional ocean climate; sea spray; studies in N Atlantic and Arctic; synoptic scales; wave-breaking; wave–current interaction; wave–ice interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine modelling and environmental statistics combine numerical simulations, observations, and statistical techniques to analyze, simulate and predict three-dimensional and time-varying ocean conditions in the current and future climates. Two general types of numerical models have been developed: (a) process-based models and (b) data-driven models. Both have significant advantages and limitations, and the development of future marine models should harness their strengths. This Special Issue is in honour of Professor Keith Thompson, who made significant contributions in various research areas, including the modelling and prediction of global, shelf and coastal oceans, data assimilation, environmental statistics, and atmospheric and ocean dynamics.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • Validations and applications of process-based models;
  • The research and development of data-driven models;
  • Digital twins of oceans;
  • New numerical methods and data assimilation;
  • Predictions and the predictability of numerical models;
  • Coupling between atmospheric and ocean models;
  • Tide–surge interaction over coastal waters.
  • Environmental statistics in oceanography;
  • The analysis of extreme marine conditions;
  • Numerical studies on main processes in atmospheres and oceans;

This Special Issue seeks high-quality research papers. Submitted papers will be peer-reviewed by leading researchers from around the world, and accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (immediately upon acceptance) and be listed together on the Special Issue website. Research articles, review articles, and short communications are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jinyu Sheng
Dr. William Perrie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • process-based and data-driven numerical modelling
  • environmental statistics
  • digital twin ocean
  • extreme marine conditions
  • ocean dynamics
  • coastal waters
  • data assimilation
  • oceanography
  • prediction
  • predictability
  • tide–surge interaction
  • atmospheric dynamics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 9655 KB  
Article
WHU-IOGM: A Global Three-Dimensional Internal Oceanic Gravity Field Model Determined by Geodetic Methods
by Ganghua Ni, Zhengtao Wang, Wenbin Shen, Nengfang Chao, Cong Liu and Yonggang Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(13), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14131178 (registering DOI) - 26 Jun 2026
Abstract
Determining the internal oceanic gravity corresponds to solving for the Earth’s internal gravitational potential, for which traditional geodetic theories (Stokes’ and Molodenskii’s theorems) are not directly applicable. To overcome this constraint, the concept of “seawater layer” is introduced. The first original global three-dimensional [...] Read more.
Determining the internal oceanic gravity corresponds to solving for the Earth’s internal gravitational potential, for which traditional geodetic theories (Stokes’ and Molodenskii’s theorems) are not directly applicable. To overcome this constraint, the concept of “seawater layer” is introduced. The first original global three-dimensional internal oceanic gravity field model WHU-IOGM was constructed using four key methods: (1) sliding-window Newtonian integration, (2) multi-node parallel computing on a high-performance supercomputing platform, (3) an ellipsoidal harmonic expansion algorithm with improved convergence properties, and (4) a spherical-to-ellipsoidal harmonic coefficient transformation algorithm. Compared with underwater gravity measurement continuation, the “seawater layer” method has more advantages in theoretical rigor and accuracy. The theoretical systematic error of WHU-IOGM was evaluated, with the global RMSE of about 6.28 mGal and a mean error of about 0.19 mGal. Based on the WOA18 deep stratification framework, we added a grid layer corresponding to the actual seabed depth, expanding the original 102-layer system to a total of 103 layers. The inclusion enhances the model’s conformity with actual seabed topography. This structural refinement enables a more accurate and detailed representation of the ocean’s internal gravity field, providing a theoretical basis and algorithmic models for underwater gravity measurement and underwater navigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition)
18 pages, 22564 KB  
Article
The Labrador Coastal Current: Observations from Surface Drifters and Autonomous Gliders
by Eric C. J. Oliver and Clark Richards
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(13), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14131163 - 24 Jun 2026
Viewed by 56
Abstract
This study focuses on the Labrador Coastal Current (LCC), which is the coastal branch of the Labrador Current System (LCS). We characterize the LCS by combining existing Global Drifter Program (GDP) data with new surface drifters deployed by the Community-based Observations of Nunatsiavut [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the Labrador Coastal Current (LCC), which is the coastal branch of the Labrador Current System (LCS). We characterize the LCS by combining existing Global Drifter Program (GDP) data with new surface drifters deployed by the Community-based Observations of Nunatsiavut Ocean Circulation (CONOC) project, specifically designed to fill the near-coast gap where the LCC lies. Autonomous ocean gliders are used to map hydrography and infer baroclinic and barotropic circulation components of the LCS. Tidal currents are generally weak across most of the shelf but are notably stronger in areas such as the Hudson Strait and the Strait of Belle Isle. The main Labrador Current (MLC), over the shelf break, exhibits strong currents (ca. 0.5 m/s) while the LCC, closer to the Labrador coast, shows moderate speeds of up to 0.25 m/s. Combining drifter- and glider-derived velocities, we find that the surface velocities in the LCC are predominantly barotropic (ca. 70%) while in the MLC they are predominantly baroclinic (ca. 70%). While volume transports in the MLC are several times larger than the LCC, their freshwater transports are comparable in magnitude. These observations provide crucial detail on the dynamics and watermass properties of the LCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition)
20 pages, 10158 KB  
Article
Data Fusion Framework for a High-Resolution Regional Dataset in the Western North Pacific
by Lifu Fu, Chunling Zhang, Yijun Ge, Bo Shu and Ruoxiao Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(11), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14110976 - 25 May 2026
Viewed by 227
Abstract
Based on the large volume of observational data obtained from Argo and several satellites, an increasing number of datasets are being developed and applied to oceanographic research. However, there are still problems such as sparse subsurface observations, insufficient parameters, and weak pertinence. This [...] Read more.
Based on the large volume of observational data obtained from Argo and several satellites, an increasing number of datasets are being developed and applied to oceanographic research. However, there are still problems such as sparse subsurface observations, insufficient parameters, and weak pertinence. This study provides a basic framework for high-resolution data fusion that focuses on the multi-source observations in the Western North Pacific. Multi-source observations from satellites, Argo floats, and historical in situ profiles are fused using a statistical model and a gradient-dependent optimal interpolation method. A daily gridded dataset with a 0.25° horizontal resolution is developed, which includes temperature, salinity, and currents. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the observations and the inverted profiles of temperature and salinity are about 0.99 and 0.94, respectively, with mean root mean square errors of about 1.27 °C and 0.13, respectively. In the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the most suitable parameter settings are a search radius of 1.5° in longitude and latitude, correlation scale constant of 0.25°, and relative observation error of 2. Consequently, the average RMSEs of the fused temperature and salinity fields are 0.43°C and 0.056, respectively. Compared with other reanalysis datasets, the product constructed in this study retains more high-frequency ocean signals, and its temperature error relative to XBT observations is also the smallest. Furthermore, the dataset effectively depicts the characteristics of marine dynamic processes such as the Kuroshio paths and mesoscale eddies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 29575 KB  
Article
An Adaptive Receiver-Grid Parameter Optimization Method for BELLHOP Based on Bathymetric and Sound-Speed-Profile Features
by Zhichao Lv, Kexin Zhang, Chuanhe Tan, Junjie Chen, Fei Yu, Jialong Chen and Zongwei Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(8), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14080756 - 21 Apr 2026
Viewed by 375
Abstract
Ray-based models have been extensively applied in underwater acoustic propagation modeling because of their favorable physical interpretability and engineering practicality. Nevertheless, in complex ocean environments, conventional acoustic propagation models still face several limitations, including low computational efficiency, empirically determined grid settings, and inadequate [...] Read more.
Ray-based models have been extensively applied in underwater acoustic propagation modeling because of their favorable physical interpretability and engineering practicality. Nevertheless, in complex ocean environments, conventional acoustic propagation models still face several limitations, including low computational efficiency, empirically determined grid settings, and inadequate local refinement capability, which restrict their application in high-accuracy and high-efficiency simulations. To address these limitations, an adaptive receiver-grid construction method for the BELLHOP model is proposed in this study. The method adaptively adjusts receiver-grid spacings by using seafloor bathymetric features and sound-speed-profile gradient characteristics as the primary driving factors. Specifically, local grid refinement is introduced in the receiver-grid region of critical acoustic propagation areas, whereas relatively coarse grids are employed in non-critical regions, thereby improving acoustic-field resolution while reducing the overall computational cost. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively improves the transmission-loss computation efficiency and spatial resolution of the BELLHOP model in complex ocean environments, thus providing a practical approach for rapid and high-precision underwater acoustic propagation modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 3664 KB  
Article
Online Tidal Filters: Evaluation, Comparison, and Application for Coastal Sea-Level De-Tiding
by Pengcheng Wang and Natacha Bernier
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(7), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14070666 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 675
Abstract
The need to isolate tides during model runtime, such as for data assimilation of sea level anomaly and tidal transports and for internal wave drag parameterization, has motivated the adaptation or development of three online filters for tidal isolation: a recursive climatological filter [...] Read more.
The need to isolate tides during model runtime, such as for data assimilation of sea level anomaly and tidal transports and for internal wave drag parameterization, has motivated the adaptation or development of three online filters for tidal isolation: a recursive climatological filter (RCF), an online harmonic analysis (OHA) and a streaming band-pass filter (SBP). Here, we evaluated these approaches and showed that, although derived from different mathematical frameworks, all three show identical frequency responses, characterized by passbands of equal magnitude centered on target frequencies and zero phase shift. In practice, however, OHA is more costly, while SBP suffers from discretization errors. Both RCF and OHA also allow the extraction of time-varying harmonic constants, allowing additional applications. Given its low cost and being free from discretization error, we further assessed RCF for de-tiding modelled coastal sea levels. We found that long-term nodal modulations become increasingly influential as the passband narrows and adaptation time increases, leading to degraded filter skill. This issue is mitigated by using constituent-dependent passbands accounting for nodal effects. Overall, the RCF effectively and efficiently isolates coastal tides and storm surges, with extreme peak surge differences of 2.0 ± 1.2% relative to those obtained from conventional harmonic analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics—2nd Edition)
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