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Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition)
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Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition)

A Special Issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983) belonging to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 3187

Editor

Dr. Hyun-Jung Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: clinical dentistry; esthetic dentistry; restorative dentistry; dental regeneration; endodontics; composite resins; dental biomaterials; teeth whitening; biomechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is with great pleasure that we invite you to contribute to the Special Issue titled "Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition)" in the Journal of Functional Biomaterials. The integration of biomechanics and biomaterials in dentistry has led to significant advancements, resulting in improved patient outcomes and innovative treatment approaches. With the advent of cutting-edge technologies and novel materials, the dental field is experiencing a paradigm shift towards more personalized and effective treatments. This Special Issue aims to feature these advancements by introducing the latest research and developments from around the world, providing a platform for high-quality studies that push the boundaries of current knowledge and practice in dental biomechanics and biomaterials.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest research and developments in this interdisciplinary area. The focus includes the following topics:

  1. Biomechanical analysis: Studies on the mechanical properties of dental materials and their behavior under various physiological conditions.
  2. Innovative biomaterials: The development and characterization of new biomaterials that enhance dental treatments and patient comfort.
  3. Clinical applications: Case studies and clinical trials showcasing the application of biomechanical principles and advanced biomaterials in dental practice.
  4. Computational modeling: The use of computational tools to simulate and predict the performance of dental biomaterials in clinical scenarios.
  5. Regenerative dentistry: Research on biomaterials that supports tissue regeneration and repair within the oral cavity.
  6. Nanotechnology in dentistry: The exploration of nanomaterials and their potential to revolutionize dental treatments.

Through this Special Issue, we aim to bring together researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals to share their insights and findings. We invite authors to submit original research articles and comprehensive reviews that align with the theme of this Special Issue. Together, let us advance the frontiers of dental biomaterials and biomechanics for the benefit of patients and the broader medical community.

Dr. Hyun-Jung Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • dental
  • restorative dentistry
  • regenerative dentistry
  • composite resins
  • nanotechnology in dentistry
  • biomechanical analysis
  • computational modeling

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1610 KB  
Article
Relaxation Time Determines Mechanical Signal Persistence in the Periodontal Ligament Under Sustained Loading
by Chen Zong
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(9), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17090428 - 25 Aug 2026
Viewed by 383
Abstract
Mechanical loading of connective tissues is traditionally prescribed by force magnitude. In viscoelastic tissues, a constant external force does not produce a constant internal mechanical environment: stress and strain evolve continuously after load onset, creating a time-varying tissue-level mechanical history relevant to resident [...] Read more.
Mechanical loading of connective tissues is traditionally prescribed by force magnitude. In viscoelastic tissues, a constant external force does not produce a constant internal mechanical environment: stress and strain evolve continuously after load onset, creating a time-varying tissue-level mechanical history relevant to resident cells. This distinction is rarely accounted for in clinical loading protocols or scaffold design. The rate of evolution is governed by the stress relaxation time constant (τ). How τ controls the persistence of mechanical signals under force-controlled sustained loading remains poorly quantified. Thus, we developed a three-dimensional finite element model of the Wistar rat maxillary first molar tooth–periodontal ligament (PDL)–bone complex with a PDL geometry reconstructed from micro-CT imaging by original frame-by-frame manual segmentation and compared outcomes across three τ values spanning two orders of magnitude under identical 0.5 N sustained loading. Under the same applied force, stress retention at 100 s ranged from 68% to 97%, while concurrent deformation creep showed an inverse relationship. These results demonstrate that τ strongly governs the persistence of mechanical signals under sustained force-controlled loading in this model. Supplementary simulations under oblique loading and perturbed PDL modulus confirmed that τ remains the dominant constitutive determinant of stress retention across altered loading directions and stiffness conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 6749 KB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Healthy and Restored Mandibular Molars with Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate Crowns Under Vertical and Oblique Loading
by Rosa Alicia Hernández-Vázquez, Rodrigo Arturo Marquet-Rivera, Octavio Alejandro Mastache-Miranda, Karina Gabriela Madrigal-Carrillo and Rosa Adriana Rivera-Díaz
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(8), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17080404 - 14 Aug 2026
Viewed by 406
Abstract
The mechanical compatibility between dental restorative materials and the natural tooth structure is a relevant factor for long-term clinical performance. Although zirconia (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP) and lithium disilicate are widely used for full-coverage crowns, their biomechanical interaction with the underlying dentin [...] Read more.
The mechanical compatibility between dental restorative materials and the natural tooth structure is a relevant factor for long-term clinical performance. Although zirconia (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Y-TZP) and lithium disilicate are widely used for full-coverage crowns, their biomechanical interaction with the underlying dentin and pulp under functional loading remains insufficiently characterized. This study reports a comparative finite element analysis (FEA) of a mandibular first molar under vertical (200 N, axial) and oblique (200 N, 30°) loading, evaluating three configurations: an intact healthy tooth, a zirconia Y-TZP full-coverage crown, and a lithium disilicate full-coverage crown. The three-dimensional geometry was obtained from a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study of a caries-free mandibular first molar, previously described and verified by the present group, and was analyzed in ANSYS Workbench (Static Structural). Von Mises equivalent stress, maximum principal stress and total deformation were obtained for enamel or restoration, dentin, and pulp in each configuration. Zirconia produced the highest stress concentrations in the coronal restoration (88.4 MPa vertical; 174.5 MPa oblique), exceeding the healthy enamel baseline by 57.6% and 89.7%, respectively. Both restorative materials reduced dentin stress relative to the healthy tooth, consistent with the stress-shielding effect driven by elastic-modulus mismatch. Under oblique loading, the maximum principal stress in healthy enamel reached 61.7 MPa, approaching or exceeding the upper bound of the reported tensile strength range (~10–40 MPa) and identifying oblique loading as the more demanding of the two conditions analyzed. Within the limitations of the present finite element model, lithium disilicate demonstrated a more favorable stress distribution, with dentin stress values closer to the intact-tooth baseline. The model does not include a luting cement layer, a periodontal ligament, the dentin–enamel junction, anisotropic tissue behavior or cyclic loading, and no experimental validation was performed; the results are therefore presented as a controlled numerical comparison between three configurations under the specific conditions simulated, and not as direct clinical selection criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 8821 KB  
Article
Biomechanical Evaluation of Different Posterior Mandibular Implant Configurations Under Bruxism: An FEA Study
by Mehmet Ates and Ceyda Akin
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(8), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17080370 - 31 Jul 2026
Viewed by 644
Abstract
This study evaluated the biomechanical performance of different abutment types, superstructure materials, prosthetic designs, and loading conditions in the implant-supported rehabilitation of three consecutive missing teeth in the mandibular posterior region using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Twenty FEA models were constructed, simulating [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the biomechanical performance of different abutment types, superstructure materials, prosthetic designs, and loading conditions in the implant-supported rehabilitation of three consecutive missing teeth in the mandibular posterior region using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Twenty FEA models were constructed, simulating two-implant (pontic, mesial, and distal cantilever) and three-implant (splinted and unsplinted) configurations using multi-unit and Ti-base abutments composed of titanium alloy (Grade 5, Ti-6Al-4V), with monolithic zirconia and zirconia-supported feldspathic porcelain superstructures. Functional and parafunctional (bruxism) vertical and oblique loads were applied to analyze von Mises stresses in the components and principal stresses in the peri-implant bone. The results indicated that two-implant models generated higher stress concentrations than three-implant models, and unsplinted or cantilevered designs produced elevated stresses compared to splinted or pontic designs. Ti-base abutments resulted in greater stress accumulation in the connection complex compared to multi-unit systems. Under vertical and oblique parafunctional forces, stress values on the abutments in distal cantilever models—particularly in unsplinted Ti-base designs under oblique loading—exceeded the yield strength of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (890 MPa), indicating a substantial risk of plastic deformation. To optimize biomechanical stability, three-implant-supported, splinted designs utilizing Multi-unit abutments should be prioritized. Avoiding distal cantilevers and unsplinted designs is critical in patients with bruxism to minimize the risk of mechanical failure in the Ti-6Al-4V components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 2639 KB  
Article
Biomechanical Evaluation of Ultra-Short Posterior Implants as Adjuncts to Two-Implant Mandibular Overdentures in the Atrophic Edentulous Mandible: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Study
by Ata Mert Yaşa and Ceyda Özçakır Tomruk
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(7), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17070311 - 24 Jun 2026
Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Progressive alveolar resorption complicates prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous mandible, and the conventional two-implant mandibular overdenture concentrates occlusal forces on anterior fixtures through extended posterior cantilevers. This study evaluated and compared the biomechanical performance of a conventional two-implant-supported mandibular overdenture with configurations [...] Read more.
Progressive alveolar resorption complicates prosthetic rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous mandible, and the conventional two-implant mandibular overdenture concentrates occlusal forces on anterior fixtures through extended posterior cantilevers. This study evaluated and compared the biomechanical performance of a conventional two-implant-supported mandibular overdenture with configurations incorporating additional ultra-short (4 mm) posterior implants at varying positions using three-dimensional finite element analysis. A 3D atrophic edentulous mandible model was generated from Visible Human Project computed tomography data. Six configurations were analyzed: Model 1 (control; two 4.1 × 12 mm Ti-15Zr implants at 33 and 43) and Models 2–6, which supplemented the control with two 4.1 × 4 mm ultra-short Ti-15Zr implants at 35–45, 36–46, 35–46, 35–47, and 36–47, respectively. All models were subjected to bilateral oblique (100 N at 45°) and vertical (200 N, 300 N) loading. Von Mises stress, maximum principal stress (P1), and minimum principal stress (P3) were evaluated on all implants. All experimental configurations reduced anterior implant stress compared with the control. Models 5 (35–47) and 4 (35–46) achieved the greatest anterior stress reduction, while Model 6 (36–47) exhibited the most favorable overall stress distribution, with the lowest posterior peak von Mises stress (14.49 MPa). Oblique loading produced higher anterior stress than vertical loading across all models despite its lower magnitude. All stresses remained below the yield strength of Ti-15Zr. Ultra-short posterior implants reduced anterior implant stress and improved load distribution. Asymmetric configurations with a wider anteroposterior spread demonstrated the most favorable biomechanical profiles, supporting their use as minimally invasive adjuncts to standard overdenture protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (3rd Edition))
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