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Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Brain Injury".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2026 | Viewed by 1064

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, MI, Italy
Interests: traumatic brain injury (TBI); acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, posing significant challenges in acute care and rehabilitation. This Special Issue addresses critical advancements in TBI management, focusing on innovative diagnostic tools and long-term recovery strategies. We aim to bridge the gap between emerging research and clinical practice, highlighting multidisciplinary approaches that improve patient outcomes across the injury spectrum.

We invite contributions exploring the following:

  • Novel neuroimaging techniques for injury characterization;
  • Intensive care management protocols;
  • Rehabilitation strategies for cognitive and motor deficits;
  • Pediatric and geriatric TBI considerations;
  • Prevention of secondary brain injury.

This issue seeks to compile high-impact research guiding clinicians in making informed decisions from emergency response to community reintegration.

Dr. Alessio Caccioppola
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glasgow coma scale
  • intracranial pressure monitoring
  • traumatic brain injury
  • diffuse axonal injury
  • post-traumatic epilepsy
  • decompressive craniectomy
  • neuromonitoring

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1594 KB  
Article
Virtual Reality-Based Dichoptic Therapy in Acquired Brain Injury: Functional and Symptom Outcomes
by Carla Otero-Currás, Francisco J. Povedano-Montero, Ricardo Bernárdez-Vilaboa, Pilar Rojas, Rut González-Jiménez, Gema Martínez-Florentín and Juan E. Cedrún-Sánchez
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031004 - 27 Jan 2026
Viewed by 775
Abstract
Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often disrupts binocular vision, causing deviations on the cover test and reduced stereopsis that impair functional visual performance. This study investigated the effects of a dichoptic vision therapy protocol—based on an immersive virtual reality (VR) system—on visual [...] Read more.
Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often disrupts binocular vision, causing deviations on the cover test and reduced stereopsis that impair functional visual performance. This study investigated the effects of a dichoptic vision therapy protocol—based on an immersive virtual reality (VR) system—on visual field parameters, oculomotor reaction times, and self-reported visual symptoms in adults with ABI. Methods: In a controlled parallel-group design, adult ABI patients (median age 51 years) were assigned to an experimental group (dichoptic VR therapy) or a control group. Six sessions of visual therapy were performed. Primary outcomes included perimetric visual field indices and oculomotor reaction times; the secondary outcome was the Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey (BIVSS) score. Etiology (stroke vs. traumatic brain injury) was recorded. Results: No statistically significant improvements were found in perimetric visual field indices (p > 0.05), except for a slight gain in the top-right quadrant in the experimental group. Reaction times did not differ significantly between groups. However, the experimental group reported a greater reduction in visual symptoms as measured by the BIVSS. Patients with traumatic brain injury exhibited better functional improvement, particularly in the top-left quadrant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Dichoptic VR-based therapy did not restore perimetric field losses in ABI patients but reduced visual symptoms and may enhance functional adaptation of residual vision rather than structural recovery. The therapeutic response varied by etiology, favoring traumatic brain injury. Larger, longer trials integrating objective and subjective measures, including neuroimaging, are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Diagnosis and Management)
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