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Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension
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Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Respiratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 2948

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Simon Schneider

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Guest Editor
Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: hypoxia; altitude; pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary vascular diseases; human physiology; rehabilitation medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancements in understanding and managing pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), including conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), have resulted in significant progress in medical care. PVD presents complex challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. This Special Issue explores the latest developments in diagnosing, treating, and managing PVD, offering insights into cutting-edge research and clinical practices.

The collection of articles focuses on state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques, such as advanced imaging modalities and novel biomarkers. We also delve into emerging treatments such as new drugs, targeted therapies, and personalized medicine. Alternative approaches, such as rehabilitation medicine with structured exercise programs, are also discussed for their therapeutic benefits. Further evaluation of factors related to altitude exposure and air travel is addressed to enhance patient autonomy and improve quality of life.

We hope this Special Issue serves as a valuable resource, encouraging continued innovation and collaboration among healthcare professionals dedicated to advancing care for individuals with pulmonary vascular disease.

Dr. Simon Schneider
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pulmonary hypertension
  • pulmonary vascular disease (PVD)
  • pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
  • chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
  • interstitial lung disease
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • chronic pulmonary fibrosis
  • emphysema
  • respiratory disease
  • physiology
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • rehabilitation
  • altitude research

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 1959 KiB  
Article
Sex-Specific Differences in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty
by Paweł Kurzyna, Anna Witowicz, Piotr Kędzierski, Michał Florczyk, Marta Banaszkiewicz, Piotr Szwed, Michał Piłka, Aleksandra Gąsecka, Arkadiusz Pietrasik, Adam Torbicki, Marcin Kurzyna and Szymon Darocha
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030899 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Several studies describe the sex-specific differences in cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still limited research reporting the difference between men and women with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treated with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). The aim of this study was to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Several studies describe the sex-specific differences in cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still limited research reporting the difference between men and women with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treated with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-specific differences in patients with CTEPH treated with BPA. Methods: This retrospective study included CTEPH patients treated with BPA. The patients’ hemodynamic and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months after completion of BPA treatment. Results: This study included 94 patients (44 women, 46.8%). At baseline, women had higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) (76 ± 18.5 vs. 85 ± 17.6 mmHg; p = 0.03) and pulmonary vascular resistance (8.21 [5.55–10.17] vs. 9.89 [6.31–14.06] Wood Units; p = 0.03) compared to men. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between the sexes. At follow-up, women had lower sPAP (49 [41–54] vs. 43 [37–49] mmHg; p = 0.04) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (10 [9–14] vs. 9 [8–11] mmHg; p = 0.03), but a higher cardiac index (2.57 ± 0.53 vs. 2.82 ± 0.50 L/min/m2; p = 0.03), as well as better Dyspnea Borg Scale outcomes, compared to men. Women had a greater reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure (−43% vs. −37%; p = 0.049) than men. Conclusions: At baseline, women with CTEPH had worse hemodynamic parameters than men despite similar clinical symptoms. However, the hemodynamic status of women was better after BPA therapy. Hence, women seem better adapted to the disease at baseline and respond better to BPA. Further data are needed to investigate whether the management of CTEPH patients should be sex-differentiated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension)
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13 pages, 2705 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Role of Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
by Meng-Qi Chen, Chuan-Xue Wan, Jun Tong, An Wang, Bin-Qian Ruan and Jie-Yan Shen
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7855; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247855 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 835
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), as a novel inflammatory marker, has not been studied in patients with PAH. The objective of this study was to investigate the [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), as a novel inflammatory marker, has not been studied in patients with PAH. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the LCR in patients with PAH. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 116 patients with PAH diagnosed in Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, from January 2014 to December 2018. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint that included lung transplantation, rehospitalization for PAH, and all-cause death. The LCR is the ratio of the blood lymphocyte count to the C-reactive protein concentration. Results: A total of 116 patients with PAH were included in this study, with an average age of 41.53 years; 92.2% were female, and the event rate was 57.8%. Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear association between the LCR and the risk of clinical worsening events. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the LCR was significantly negatively associated with clinical worsening events, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 0.772 (0.614–0.970). The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that event-free survival decreased significantly when the LCR was less than 1.477. LASSO regression selected four potential predictors, including the LCR, to construct a nomogram. The nomogram had a high predictive strength, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.805 (0.713–0.896). The calibration curves and decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram had good predictive performance and the ability to guide clinical management. Conclusions: The LCR is a valuable prognostic marker for predicting long-term clinical events in patients with PAH, and the nomogram incorporating the LCR could effectively stratify risk and guide clinical decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension)
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Other

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9 pages, 2153 KiB  
Brief Report
The FEV1/DLCO Ratio as an Effective Predictor of Severity and Survival in COPD-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis
by Ria Patel, Jay Pescatore and Shameek Gayen
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051606 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 718
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ratio of the functional vital capacity (FVC) to diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) has demonstrated predictive and prognostic efficacy in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ratio of the functional vital capacity (FVC) to diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) has demonstrated predictive and prognostic efficacy in PH due to lung disease, including COPD. However, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is used to grade COPD severity. We aimed to determine whether FEV1/DLCO predicts PH severity in COPD-PH. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with COPD-PH diagnosed via right heart catheterization and pulmonary function testing. Linear regression assessed the correlation of FEV1/DLCO with RHC parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive effectiveness of FEV1/DLCO for severe PH. Results: Among 212 patients with COPD-PH, the FEV1/DLCO ratio positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP; r = 0.6, p < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; r = 0.56, p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, FEV1/DLCO was effective at predicting severe PH (AUC 0.60, p = 0.02). Those with a FEV1/DLCO ratio > 1.66 had a decreased rate of transplant-free survival as compared to those with a lower ratio (40.8% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Among patients with COPD-PH, FEV1/DLCO correlates well with mPAP and PVR. The FEV1/DLCO ratio may effectively predict severe PH and may predict transplant-free survival in COPD-PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension)
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