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Short Stature in Children: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment
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Short Stature in Children: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2023) | Viewed by 6828

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Juan Pedro López-Siguero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
Interests: diabetes mellitus; insulin; diabetes; metabolic syndrome; childhood obesity; growth disorders; pediatric endocrinology; thyroid; prenatal diagnosis; nutritional education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José-Ignacio Labarta-Aizpún

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: growth disorders; growth hormone therapy; congenital hypothyroidism; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; pediatric endocrinology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Between 0.6% and 2.3% of healthy children are short. Short stature in children is the one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in a Pediatric Endocrinology Unit. Almost no patient has pathology and can be studied in primary care.

However, with the standard clinical and analytical evaluation, a diagnosis is not reached in some cases, which fall within the so-called idiopathic short stature.

Recent hormonal and genetic studies are making it possible to reduce the percentage of unknown causes and to approach the specific etiology with consequent improvement in genetic treatment and counseling.

Another prominent issue is the use of growth hormones, with indications approved (some very recently) by the EMA and FDA, although not always coincidently (such as idiopathic short stature) and with diverse inclusion criteria that invite the follow-up of these patients up to adult height and investigate predictive factors of response. Long-term follow-up is also important to ensure patients’ safety.

In this Special Issue, we aim to cover current knowledge regarding growth pathology, its endocrinological and genetic involvement, and the most appropriate therapeutic measures.

Dr. Juan Pedro López-Siguero
Dr. José-Ignacio Labarta-Aizpún
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • short stature
  • growth
  • idiopathic short stature
  • growth factors
  • growth hormone
  • genetic

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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10 pages, 350 KiB  
Article
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature: Comparative Efficiency after Growth Hormone Treatment up to Adult Height
by Ana-Belen Ariza-Jimenez, Isabel Leiva Gea, Maria Jose Martinez-Aedo Ollero and Juan Pedro Lopez-Siguero
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 4988; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214988 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2565
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment with growth hormone (GH) is not approved for idiopathic short stature (ISS) in Europe. Objectives: To compare the growth of children treated with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) vs. ISS-treated and untreated children. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of patients treated in [...] Read more.
Introduction: Treatment with growth hormone (GH) is not approved for idiopathic short stature (ISS) in Europe. Objectives: To compare the growth of children treated with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) vs. ISS-treated and untreated children. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of patients treated in the last 14 years for IGHD (Group A), in comparison with ISS-treated (Group B) and untreated (Group C) subjects. Results: Group A had 67 males, who showed a height gain of 1.24 SD. Group B had 30 boys, who showed a height gain of 1.47 SD. Group C had 42 boys, who showed an improvement of 0.37 SD. The final heights were −1.52 SD, −1.31 SD, and −2.03 SD, respectively. Group A and C did not reach their target heights (with differences of 0.27 SD and 0.59 SD, respectively). Group B surpassed their target height by 0.29 SD. Conclusions: The final heights of the IGHD and treated ISS are similar. Treated groups were taller than untreated groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short Stature in Children: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment)
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13 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Ghrelin and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Secretion in Children with Idiopathic Short Stature
by Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska, Renata Stawerska, Paweł Stawerski, Andrzej Kałużyński, Elżbieta Czkwianianc and Andrzej Lewiński
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5868; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195868 - 4 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
Background: A diagnosis of "idiopathic short stature" (ISS) in a child means that the cause of the disease has not been established, although there are certainly some unknown factors that contributed to its occurrence. Ghrelin and leptin are important in controlling food intake; [...] Read more.
Background: A diagnosis of "idiopathic short stature" (ISS) in a child means that the cause of the disease has not been established, although there are certainly some unknown factors that contributed to its occurrence. Ghrelin and leptin are important in controlling food intake; ghrelin is also a growth hormone (GH) stimulator. Both enterohormones are produced in the stomach and their secretion may be affected by a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Methods: Our study included a group of 61 children (53 prepubertal and 8 peripubertal) with ISS, without any gastrointestinal tract symptoms but in whom the histopathological evaluation of stomach tissue was made during gastroscopy to diagnose H. pylori infection. In each child, fasting ghrelin, leptin and IGF-1 concentrations, and GH levels in two stimulation tests were assessed. Results: H. pylori infection was confirmed in 24.6% of the children. Ghrelin and IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative children (this was more noticeable in prepubertal subgroups), however there was not a discrepancy in regards to GH concentrations in stimulation tests, leptin levels or the nutritional state between groups. Conclusions: Short children, infected by H. pylori seem to have lower ghrelin and IGF-1 concentrations than children without infection, this may be the reason for a worse growth rate in this subgroup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short Stature in Children: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment)
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10 pages, 847 KiB  
Article
Karyotype Abnormalities in the X Chromosome Predict Response to the Growth Hormone Therapy in Turner Syndrome
by Jakub Kasprzyk, Marcin Włodarczyk, Aleksandra Sobolewska-Włodarczyk, Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała, Renata Stawerska, Maciej Hilczer and Andrzej Lewiński
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 5076; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215076 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
Short stature is characteristic for Turner syndrome (TS) patients, and particular karyotype abnormalities of the X chromosome may be associated with different responsiveness to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different types of [...] Read more.
Short stature is characteristic for Turner syndrome (TS) patients, and particular karyotype abnormalities of the X chromosome may be associated with different responsiveness to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of different types of TS karyotype abnormalities on the response to rhGH therapy. A total of 57 prepubertal patients with TS treated with rhGH with a 3 year follow-up were enrolled in the study and categorized according to their karyotype as X monosomy (n = 35), isochromosome (n = 11), marker chromosome (n = 5), or X-mosaicism (n = 6). Height and height velocity (HV) were evaluated annually. In the first year, all groups responded well to the therapy. In the second year, HV deteriorated significantly in X-monosomy and isochromosome in comparison to the remaining two groups (p = 0.0007). After 3 years of therapy, all patients improved the score in comparison to their target height, but better outcomes were achieved in patients with marker chromosome and X-mosaicism (p = 0.0072). X-monosomy or isochromosome determined a poorer response during the second and third year of rhGH therapy. The results of the study indicate that the effects of rhGH therapy in patients with TS may depend on the type of TS karyotype causing the syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short Stature in Children: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment)
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