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Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
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Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 6704

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kristine Y. DeLeon-Pennell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Interests: myocardial infarction; chronic inflammation; T cells; fibrosis; heart failure; sex differences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Periodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The risk of developing periodontal disease is increased by almost threefold in diabetic patients. In addition, development of cardiovascular disease is two times higher in patients with periodontitis than in patients without. While the link between oral health and diabetes and cardiovascular disease has been extensively studied, the complicated relationship between these diseases is not fully understood.

The main objective of this Special Issue is to gather papers that have both a strong basic research background and a clear translational potential. We encourage manuscript submissions that identify possible mechanisms for the increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular pathophysiology in patients with periodontal disease. This includes those studying regulation of diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, coronary artery disease, cardiac remodeling (ischemic and non-ischemic), heart failure, hypertension, and cardiorenal syndrome.

Dr. Kristine Y. DeLeon-Pennell
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • periodontal disease
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • inflammation
  • metabolism

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 785 KiB  
Article
Accuracy of a 7-Item Patient-Reported Stand-Alone Tool for Periodontitis Screening
by Caroline Sekundo, Tobias Bölk, Olivier Kalmus and Stefan Listl
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020287 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
Periodontitis is interrelated with various other chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that treatment of periodontitis improves glycemic control in diabetes patients and reduces the costs of diabetes treatment. So far, however, screening for periodontitis in non-dental settings has been complicated by a lack [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is interrelated with various other chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that treatment of periodontitis improves glycemic control in diabetes patients and reduces the costs of diabetes treatment. So far, however, screening for periodontitis in non-dental settings has been complicated by a lack of easily applicable and reliable screening tools which can be applied by non-dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a short seven-item tool developed by the German Society for Periodontology (DG PARO) to screen for periodontitis by means of patient-reported information. A total of 88 adult patients filled in the patient-reported Periodontitis Risk Score (pPRS; range: 0 points = lowest periodontitis risk; 20 points = very high periodontitis risk) questionnaire before dental check-up at Heidelberg University Hospital. Subsequent clinical assessments according to Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR®) were compared with pPRS scores. The diagnostic accuracy of pPRS at different cutoff values was assessed according to sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values, as well as Receiver-Operator-Characteristic curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC), and logistic regression analysis. According to combined specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.86; 95%-CI: 0.76–0.95), the diagnostic accuracy of the pPRS for detecting periodontal inflammation (PSR® ≥ 3) was highest for a pPRS cutoff distinguishing between pPRS scores < 7 vs. ≥ 7. Patients with pPRS scores ≥ 7 had a 36.09 (95%-CI: 9.82–132.61) times higher chance of having a PSR® ≥ 3 than patients with scores < 7. In conclusion, the pPRS may be considered an appropriately accurate stand-alone tool for the screening for periodontitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease)
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17 pages, 2129 KiB  
Article
Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Oxidative Stress Markers in Leukocytes and Their Interaction with the Endothelium in Obese Subjects with Periodontitis: A Pilot Study
by Mayte Martínez-Herrera, Zaida Abad-Jiménez, Francisco Javier Silvestre, Sandra López-Domènech, Javier Silvestre-Rangil, Cecilia Fabiana Márquez-Arrico, Víctor M. Víctor and Milagros Rocha
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2117; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072117 - 04 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2241
Abstract
Aim: The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary therapy on both parameters of oxidative stress in leukocytes and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in an obese [...] Read more.
Aim: The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary therapy on both parameters of oxidative stress in leukocytes and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in an obese population. Methods: This was a pilot study with a before-and-after design. Forty-nine obese subjects with periodontitis were randomized by means of the minimization method and assigned to one of two groups, one of which underwent dietary therapy while the other did not. All the subjects underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. We determined periodontal, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters—total reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide production, intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We also evaluated interactions between leukocytes and endothelium cells—velocity, rolling flux and adhesion—at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: Periodontal treatment improved the periodontal health of all the patients, with a reduction in serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), total superoxide production and cytosolic Ca2+ in leukocytes. In the patients undergoing dietary therapy, there were less leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, an effect that was accompanied by a decrease in TNFα, P-selectin and total ROS and an increase in SOD activity. Conclusions: Whereas non-surgical periodontal treatment induces an improvement in leukocyte homeostasis, dietary therapy as an adjuvant reduces systemic inflammation and increases antioxidant status which, in turn, modulates leukocyte-endothelium dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease)
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14 pages, 2199 KiB  
Article
Influence of Chronic Periodontitis on the Long-Term Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Kidney Transplant Recipients
by Marta Wynimko, Magdalena Walicka, Yaroslav Sanchak, Dariusz Gozdowski, Anna Błach, Andrzej Więcek, Andrzej Śliwczyński, Edward Franek and Aureliusz Kolonko
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(6), 1968; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061968 - 23 Jun 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in different populations. The aim of this study was to examine an association of CP with hard endpoints in patients after kidney transplantation during a 15-year follow-up period. Study group consist of 117 [...] Read more.
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in different populations. The aim of this study was to examine an association of CP with hard endpoints in patients after kidney transplantation during a 15-year follow-up period. Study group consist of 117 patients (77M/40F, median age 44 years) divided into two subgroups: those with initially advanced CP (CPITN 3–4) and those with no or moderate CP (CPITN 0–2). All cardiovascular events, graft losses, and re-transplantations were recorded. All deaths were noted and verified, including those occurred after the return to dialysis therapy, the causes of death were identified. Cox regression with Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood models were used for data analysis. During the observation period, 49 deaths occurred. Advanced CP (n = 35) was not associated with overall mortality but was associated with increased risk of death with functioning graft (DWFG) [HR 3.54 (1.20–10.45); p < 0.05]. Risk of graft loss was not associated with CP status. In conclusion, an advanced CP was independently associated with increased risk of DWFG, but not all-cause or cardiovascular mortality after renal transplantation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Disease: A Risk Factor for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease)
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