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Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery
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Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 1470

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Catharina Chiari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Foot Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Speising, 1130 Vienna, Austria
Interests: pediatric orthopedics; hip dysplasia; hip preservation; hip ultrasound; deformity correction; cartilage repair
Dr. Madeleine Willegger

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: foot and ankle reconstruction; arthroscopy; foot and ankle biomechanics; pediatric orthopedics; lower limb alignment; deformity correction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce our upcoming Special Issue, entitled “Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery”. Pediatric orthopedic medicine is a subspeciality that covers a wide variety of rare disorders, such as congenital deformities, skeletal dysplasia, and metabolic bone diseases, as well as conditions that affect many children and adolescents worldwide, such as scoliosis, hip dysplasia, limb alignment issues, foot deformities, or pediatric trauma. Clinical studies still represent the most important tool in understanding the long-term effects of treatments and newly evolving techniques. On the other hand, basic research is essential in the development of new targeted and genetic therapies, which could be game-changing in many congenital conditions. This Special Issue will focus on pediatric orthopedic surgery, offering a comprehensive overview of exciting research in this field, with the ultimate goal of improving orthopedic care in children and adolescents.

Dr. Catharina Chiari
Dr. Madeleine Willegger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric orthopedics
  • deformity correction
  • pediatric hip
  • pediatric trauma
  • basic research in pediatric orthopedics
  • clubfoot
  • pediatric foot and ankle deformities
  • pediatric hand

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 894 KB  
Article
Determinants of Surgical Response to Lateral Tibial Hemiepiphysiodesis in Idiopathic and Non-Idiopathic Genu Varum: Real-World Evidence from a Tertiary Pediatric Cohort
by Giovanni Trisolino, Tosca Cerasoli, Giulio Maria Marcheggiani Muccioli, Marina Magnani, Irene Bosi, Susanna Nanni, Gianmarco Di Paola and Gino Rocca
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5706; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165706 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 365
Abstract
Background: Lateral tibial hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plates is an established method for correcting genu varum in skeletally immature patients. However, outcomes may vary depending on underlying pathology and patient characteristics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 31 patients (53 knees) [...] Read more.
Background: Lateral tibial hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plates is an established method for correcting genu varum in skeletally immature patients. However, outcomes may vary depending on underlying pathology and patient characteristics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 31 patients (53 knees) treated between 2011 and 2024 at a tertiary pediatric orthopedic center. Patients were categorized as idiopathic or non-idioathic genu varum based on diagnosis. Inclusion criteria required open physes, absence of previous or concomitant knee surgeries for alignment correction, and availability of standardized long-standing radiographs. Radiographic parameters, including mechanical axis deviation (MAD), hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), were assessed pre-operatively and at implant removal. Outcomes were classified as complete correction, partial correction, absent correction, overcorrection, or progression of deformity. Results: Overall, 64.2% of knees achieved complete correction. Success was significantly higher in idiopathic cases (82.1%) than in non-idiopathic deformities (44%). Success was also more frequent in males (p = 0.040). In multivariable analysis, non-idiopathic patients (β = 351.9; p = 0.002), HKA improvement (β = 1.4; p = 0.010) and change in BMI z-score (β = 202.4; p = 0.009) independently predicted surgical success. No major complications (Clavien–Dindo–Sink grade > 2) were observed. Conclusions: Lateral tibial hemiepiphysiodesis is effective for idiopathic genu varum, offering minimally invasive correction with low complication rates. However, outcomes in non-idiopathic deformities are less predictable, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment planning and counseling. Early intervention, careful implant positioning, and rigorous follow-up are essential to optimize results and prevent unintended overcorrection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery)
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12 pages, 884 KB  
Article
Anatomical Risk Patterns for Patellofemoral Instability in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Sex-Stratified MRI Study
by René Schroedter, Amir Koutp, Bernhard Guggenberger, Martin Svehlik, Sebastian Tschauner and Tanja Kraus
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5519; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155519 - 5 Aug 2025
Viewed by 369
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is a common pathology of the adolescent knee and a major predisposing factor for patellofemoral instability (PFI). The pathogenesis of PFI involves a combination of anatomical and biomechanical contributors, with increasing evidence pointing to sex-specific differences in knee [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is a common pathology of the adolescent knee and a major predisposing factor for patellofemoral instability (PFI). The pathogenesis of PFI involves a combination of anatomical and biomechanical contributors, with increasing evidence pointing to sex-specific differences in knee morphology. Despite this, the developmental course of these parameters and their variation between sexes remain insufficiently characterized. This study aims to investigate sex-related differences in patellofemoral joint geometry among skeletally immature patients with a history of PFI, focusing on how these anatomical variations evolve with increasing knee size, as represented by femoral condylar width. Methods: A total of 315 knee MRIs from patients under 18 years with documented PFI were retrospectively analyzed. Trochlear morphology, patellar tilt, axial positioning, and sagittal alignment were assessed using established MRI-based parameters. All measurements were normalized to bicondylar width to account for individual knee size. Sex-specific comparisons were performed using independent t-tests and linear regression analysis. Results: Females exhibited significantly smaller femoral widths, shallower trochlear depth (TD), shorter tibial tubercle–posterior cruciate ligament (TTPCL) distances, and lower patellar trochlear index (PTI) values compared to males (p < 0.05). In males, increasing femoral width was associated with progressive normalization of patellar tilt and sagittal alignment parameters. In contrast, these alignment parameters in females remained largely unchanged or worsened across different femoral sizes. Additionally, patellar inclination angle and PTI were significantly influenced by knee size in males (p < 0.05), whereas no such relationship was identified in females. Conclusions: Sex-specific morphological differences in patellofemoral geometry are evident early in development and evolve distinctly with growth. These differences may contribute to the higher prevalence of PFI in females and underscore the importance of considering sex and knee size in anatomical assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery)
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11 pages, 1459 KB  
Article
The Bimalleolar Method Shows the Most Reliable Results for Measuring Tibial Torsion in Rotational MRI
by Klemens Vertesich, Catharina Chiari, Martin Zalaudek, Karin Hebenstreit, Eleonora Schneider, Reinhard Windhager and Madeleine Willegger
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4523; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134523 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 439
Abstract
Background: The reproducible measurement of tibial torsion (TT) is essential for the diagnosis and evaluation of rotational deformities of the tibia, particularly in the planning of tibial derotational osteotomy. While various CT-based methods for determining the distal tibial axis have been described [...] Read more.
Background: The reproducible measurement of tibial torsion (TT) is essential for the diagnosis and evaluation of rotational deformities of the tibia, particularly in the planning of tibial derotational osteotomy. While various CT-based methods for determining the distal tibial axis have been described for adult patients, rotational Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) represents a radiation-free alternative, especially for assessing lower limb rotation in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of TT measurements as well as to investigate potential differences in the application of rotational MRI within a pediatric orthopedic cohort. Methods: In this retrospective study, 78 lower legs from 39 patients aged 4 to 18 years who underwent rotational MRI were included. Measurements for TT were performed using the Jend method, the Waidelich method, and the bimalleolar method. Reliability assessments were conducted by three different examiners, and the results were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: All three methods demonstrated excellent interobserver reliability. The highest intraobserver reliability was achieved using the bimalleolar method (ICC: 0.947). When comparing the assessment of TT, the Jend method showed the highest mean values (34°, standard deviation (SD) 11.0°) followed by the Waidelich method (29°, SD 10.2°) and the bimalleolar method (26°, SD 9.9°). Measurement methods showed a mean difference of up to 8° (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Rotational MRI is a feasible radiation-free option to assess tibial torsion in pediatric and adolescent patients. All tested methods show excellent inter- and intraobserver reliability. Notably, significant differences were found between the measurement methods, with the bimalleolar method showing lower mean values. This has to be taken into account for preoperative planning of rotational and derotational tibial and supramalleolar osteotomies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research Progress in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery)
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