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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Surface Tumors and Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1961

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: clinical ophthalmology; eye diseases; cataract surgery; corneal diseases; phacoemulsification; astigmatism; corneal topography; cataract
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, Bascom-Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: corneal disease; ocular surface tumor; optical coherence tomography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Ocular Microbiology Laboratory, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: dry eye disease; ocular microbiology; high risk corneal transplantation; ocular chemical and thermal burns; cicatricial conjunctivitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ocular surface is a complex and dynamic environment that can be affected by a wide spectrum of benign, premalignant, and malignant tumors, as well as inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic technologies—such as high-resolution anterior segment imaging, confocal microscopy, and molecular diagnostics—have enhanced our ability to accurately detect and characterize these conditions at earlier stages. Concurrently, novel medical and surgical therapies, including topical chemotherapeutics, immunomodulatory agents, and minimally invasive surgical techniques, have transformed the management of these challenging disorders. This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge research and clinical advancements in the diagnosis, imaging, pathophysiology, and treatment of ocular surface tumors and diseases. We welcome original research articles and reviews that contribute to improved understanding and patient care in this rapidly evolving field.

Dr. Sotiria Palioura
Dr. Carolina L. Mercado
Dr. Jaime D. Martinez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • ocular surface diseases
  • anterior segment imaging
  • chemotherapeutics
  • immunomodulatory agents
  • minimally invasive surgical techniques

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4595 KB  
Article
Histopathologic Evaluation of Corneal Tissue After Adjunctive Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy and Keratoplasty in Advanced Acanthamoeba Keratitis
by Jordan J. Huang, Juan Carlos Navia, Joshua M. Huang, Matthew Camacho, Charissa H. Tan, Paula A. Sepulveda-Beltran, Sara Mustafa, Heather Durkee, Alejandro Arboleda, Mariela C. Aguilar, Darlene Miller, Jean-Marie Parel, Guillermo Amescua, Sander R. Dubovy and Jaime D. Martinez
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 6104; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176104 - 29 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background/Purpose: To compare the microbiologic and histopathologic features of Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) who underwent a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), optical penetrating keratoplasty (OPK), or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) after Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT). [...] Read more.
Background/Purpose: To compare the microbiologic and histopathologic features of Acanthamoeba isolates recovered from patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) who underwent a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), optical penetrating keratoplasty (OPK), or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) after Rose Bengal Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy (RB-PDAT). Methods: Surgical specimens were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and Periodic Acid-Schiff stains as per institutional protocol at the University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Analysis of Acanthamoeba cyst depth, number of cysts, and average corneal thickness was established by light microscopy. Results: Seventeen patients with AK underwent surgical intervention and RB-PDAT. Eight patients underwent a TPK and nine patients underwent an OPK/DALK. In the TPK group, average cyst depth was 42.0 ± 52.5 μm from Descemet’s layer and mean corneal button thickness was 661.7 ± 106.5 μm. Comparatively, in the OPK/DALK group, average cyst depth from Descemet’s layer was 261.7 ± 222.7 μm with a mean corneal button thickness of 474.2 ± 126.6 μm. Conclusions: Acanthamoeba cysts were found to penetrate deeper within the cornea amongst patients that underwent an emergent TPK compared to patients that underwent an elective OPK/DALK. This may suggest an association between Acanthamoeba cyst depth and infection severity and provides valuable clinical insights towards understanding factors such as infection recurrence and resistance to treatment. Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 1110 KB  
Review
Infectious Keratitis Management: 10-Year Update
by Neel D. Pasricha, Pablo Larco, Darlene Miller, Diego S. Altamirano, Jennifer R. Rose-Nussbaumer, Eduardo C. Alfonso and Guillermo Amescua
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(17), 5987; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14175987 - 25 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Infectious keratitis (IK), including bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral etiologies, continues to represent a significant cause of ocular morbidity in the United States and around the world. Corneal scraping for smears and cultures remains the gold standard in diagnosing IK; however, molecular diagnoses, [...] Read more.
Infectious keratitis (IK), including bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral etiologies, continues to represent a significant cause of ocular morbidity in the United States and around the world. Corneal scraping for smears and cultures remains the gold standard in diagnosing IK; however, molecular diagnoses, including metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS), are promising emerging diagnostic tools. Despite recent interest in procedural treatment such as riboflavin photoactivated chromophore corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL) and Rose Bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT), medical treatment advances have remained stagnant. Methods: This review highlights IK pathogens obtained from corneal cultures at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) from 2011 to 2021 and provides the current BPEI algorithms for initial management of IK or as a referred clinically worsening patient. The roles of corticosteroid therapy, PACK-CXL, and RB-PDAT for IK are also summarized. Results: A total of 9326 corneal cultures were performed at BPEI between 2011 and 2021, and only 3609 (38.7%) had a positive organism identified, of which bacteria were the most common (83.4%). Fortified vancomycin and tobramycin are recommended as first-line medical therapy for IK patients based on culture sensitivity data for the top Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. PACK-CXL and RB-PDAT may benefit IK patients with corneal melting and fungal IK, respectively. Conclusions: Drug holidays, minimizing contamination, and optimizing sample order are crucial to maximizing corneal culture positivity. PACK-CXL and RB-PDAT are promising procedural advancements for IK therapy. Full article
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