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"Cognitive Decline and Neurocognitive Disorders": Current and Emerging Treatment Options
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"Cognitive Decline and Neurocognitive Disorders": Current and Emerging Treatment Options

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 7549

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yanxia Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
Interests: Alzheimer's disease (AD); mild cognitive impairment (MCI); clinical trial

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain aging is one of the most tremendous deteriorations during aging. An aberrant form of brain aging—dementia—affects an estimated 50 million older individuals worldwide. Current treatments for cognitive decline and neurocognitive disorders include medications targeting amyloid β, phosphorylated tau, or chronic inflammation, cognitive training, physical exercise, brain–computer interface technologies, etc. These treatments are effective but never radical therapies. For this Special Issue, I would like to invite authors to submit studies focusing on the current and emerging treatment options in cognitive decline and neurocognitive disorders. Authors are welcome to cover other specific topics that have not been mentioned but fall within the theme of the Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yanxia Lu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognitive decline
  • neurocognitive disorder
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • treatment
  • brain aging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2067 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Physical–Cognitive Tasks Including Feedback-Based Technology for Alzheimer’s Disorder in a Randomized Experimental Pilot Study
by Maria-Luisa Benitez-Lugo, Manuel Vazquez-Marrufo, Elena Pinero-Pinto, Gema Chamorro-Moriana, Veronica Perez-Cabezas and Carmen Suarez-Serrano
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5484; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175484 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease causes great changes, with the prefrontal cortex being the most frequently damaged zone; these changes affect physical and cognitive behavior and compromise autonomy. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical–cognitive tasks on memory, attention, [...] Read more.
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease causes great changes, with the prefrontal cortex being the most frequently damaged zone; these changes affect physical and cognitive behavior and compromise autonomy. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical–cognitive tasks on memory, attention, balance, gait, and risk of falling in Alzheimer’s by using feedback-based technology. Methods: Forty patients with Alzheimer’s were recruited from an Alzheimer’s Association; of these, 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the pilot RCT (eight in the control group; seven in the experimental group). Assessment tools: The Cognitive Mini-Examination Scale, Oddball Test and Attention Network, Berg Scale, Tinetti, Timed Up and Go, and Geriatric Deterioration Scale. The experimental group was treated with physical–cognitive tasks by using combined feedback-based technology (visual, acoustic, simultaneous, immediate, and terminal feedback, as well as knowledge of the results and performance) under the supervision of physiotherapists twice per week for 16 thirty-minute sessions. The control group underwent their usual care (pharmacological treatment, mobility exercises, and cognitive stimulation sessions). Result: In the experimental group, the contrast tests showed differences for the re-test (except in attention), with the significative Timed Up and Go test being significant (p = 0.020). The interaction between groups showed significant differences for the experimental group according to the MEC (p = 0.029; d = 0.14) and Tinetti (p = 0.029; d = 0.68). Discussion/Conclusion: Memory, balance, gait, and risk of falling improved in the Alzheimer’s patients through the use of physical–cognitive tasks involving combined feedback-based technology. The effects on attention were inconclusive. The outcomes should be treated with caution due to the sample. This can promote intergenerational bonds, use at home, and adherence to treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Cognitive Decline and Neurocognitive Disorders": Current and Emerging Treatment Options)
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15 pages, 1769 KiB  
Article
The GluA1-Related BDNF Pathway Is Involved in PTSD-Induced Cognitive Flexibility Deficit in Attentional Set-Shifting Tasks of Rats
by Jiaming Sun, Keli Jia, Mingtao Sun, Xianqiang Zhang, Jinhong Chen, Guohui Zhu, Changjiang Li, Bo Lian, Zhongde Du, Hongwei Sun and Lin Sun
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6824; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226824 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2435
Abstract
Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts, heightened arousal, avoidance, and flashbacks. Cognitive flexibility dysfunction has been linked with the emergence of PTSD, including response inhibition deficits and impaired attentional switching, which results in difficulties [...] Read more.
Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts, heightened arousal, avoidance, and flashbacks. Cognitive flexibility dysfunction has been linked with the emergence of PTSD, including response inhibition deficits and impaired attentional switching, which results in difficulties for PTSD patients when disengaging attention from trauma-related stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive flexibility deficits remain unclear. Methods: The animals were exposed to a single prolonged stress and electric foot shock (SPS&S) procedure to induce PTSD-like features. Once the model was established, the changes in cognitive flexibility were assessed using an attentional set-shifting task (ASST) in order to investigate the effects of traumatic stress on cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the molecular alterations of certain proteins (AMPA Receptor 1 (GluA1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: The SPS&S model exhibited PTSD-like behaviors and induced reversal learning and set-shifting ability deficit in the ASST. These behavioral changes are accompanied by decreased GluA1, BDNF, and PSD95 protein expression in the mPFC. Further analysis showed a correlative relationship between the behavioral and molecular alterations. Conclusions: The SPS&S model induced cognitive flexibility deficits, and the potential underlying mechanism could be mediated by GluA1-related BDNF signaling in the mPFC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Cognitive Decline and Neurocognitive Disorders": Current and Emerging Treatment Options)
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14 pages, 272 KiB  
Article
Dietary Habits Modify the Association of Physical Exercise with Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
by Kai Wei, Junjie Yang, Shaohui Lin, Yi Mei, Na An, Xinyi Cao, Lijuan Jiang, Chi Liu and Chunbo Li
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175122 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2534
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have confirmed that both healthy diets and physical exercise have preventive effects with respect to cognitive decline with aging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the associations of physical exercise with cognitive impairment differ in community-dwelling older [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies have confirmed that both healthy diets and physical exercise have preventive effects with respect to cognitive decline with aging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the associations of physical exercise with cognitive impairment differ in community-dwelling older adults with different dietary habits. Methods: In the 2008/2009 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 14,966 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were included for analyses. Dietary habits (including daily intake of fruits, vegetables, tea, meat, fish, eggs, food made from beans, salt-preserved vegetables, sugar, garlic, milk products, nut products, mushroom or algae, vitamins and medicinal plants) and physical exercise were assessed. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Chinese version of the MMSE in the 2008/2009 and 2011/2012 waves. The effect modifications of physical exercise on cognitive impairment by dietary habits were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Older adults who practiced physical exercise exhibited a trend of decreased probability of cognitive impairment at baseline and follow-up (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.80–1.06, p = 0.273; OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.65–1.05, p = 0.123, respectively) compared with those who did not practice physical exercise. When stratified by dietary habits, physical exercise had a protective effect with respect to prevalent cognitive impairment in older adults who ate fruits (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58–0.94, p = 0.016), ate food made from beans (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62–0.93, p = 0.007), did not eat sugar (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68–0.98, p = 0.028) and ate milk products (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57–0.97, p = 0.030); in the longitudinal analyses, physical exercise had a protective effect with respect to incident cognitive impairment in older adults who ate fruits (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.98, p = 0.040) and milk products (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35–0.94, p = 0.027). Fruits, food made from beans and milk products modified the associations of physical exercise with prevalent cognitive impairment (p values for interaction = 0.008, 0.005 and 0.082, respectively). Conclusions: The associations of physical exercise with cognitive impairment could be modified by certain dietary habits. Physical exercise was not found to be significantly protective with respect to cognitive impairment in older adults unless they had specific dietary habits. Thus, dietary habits should be emphasized when investigating the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue "Cognitive Decline and Neurocognitive Disorders": Current and Emerging Treatment Options)
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