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JCM
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Up-to-Date Research on Nerve Ultrasound
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Up-to-Date Research on Nerve Ultrasound

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1224

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hubertus Axer

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
Interests: peripheral nerves; clinical neurophysiology; ultrasound; polyneuropathy; vertigo and dizziness
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Eman A. Tawfik

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Guest Editor
Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Interests: peripheral nerves; Electrodiagnosis & Neuromuscular Ultrasound (NMUS)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Scientific interest in the applications of peripheral nerve ultrasound is still growing. Since 2023, a search for “peripheral nerve ultrasound” on PubMed has yielded more than 3700 citations. Ultrasound protocols are also increasingly being used in work-ups for the differential diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies, traumatic nerve lesions, plexopathies, and polyneuropathies. The second revision of the EAN/PNS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of CIDP included ultrasound for the first time in their supportive criteria for diagnosis. In addition, there is a growing number of promising technical advancements in peripheral nerve ultrasound.

This Special Issue aims to present up-to-date knowledge on peripheral nerve ultrasound with a focus on clinical applications.

We encourage you and your co-workers to submit reviews or original research articles dealing with the clinical use of peripheral nerve ultrasound and results and expectations regarding innovative ultrasound techniques.

Prof. Dr. Hubertus Axer
Prof. Dr. Eman A. Tawfik
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • peripheral nerve ultrasound
  • polyneuropathy
  • nerve trauma
  • plexus neuritis
  • nerve tumors
  • entrapment syndromes
  • ultrasound techniques
  • guidelines

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1328 KB  
Article
Nerve Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Findings in 26 Clinically and Electrophysiologically Confirmed Feet
by Ben-Ole Holtz, Mihai Ceanga, Andrea Behnert, Raphaela Marquardt, Christian Geis and Hubertus Axer
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(5), 1699; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051699 - 24 Feb 2026
Viewed by 744
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of the tibial nerve at the level of the ankle within the tarsal tunnel. However, there is no established gold standard for the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome to date. High-resolution ultrasound could [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of the tibial nerve at the level of the ankle within the tarsal tunnel. However, there is no established gold standard for the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome to date. High-resolution ultrasound could add important value in this setting. But up to date, to the best of our knowledge, only six clinical studies have investigated the use of ultrasound for the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome, with partially conflicting results. Most authors identify nerve swelling at the level of anatomical compression as the key ultrasonographic criterion, whereas at least one study and some expert opinions instead emphasize nerve compression at the site of entrapment. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of high-resolution ultrasound of the tibial nerve in patients with typical clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Results: A cohort of 26 feet with clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed tarsal tunnel syndrome was collected. Nerve ultrasound demonstrated a moderate sensitivity of 65% for the detection of abnormalities of the tibial nerve when applying the commonly used cut-off of 11.8 mm2 for the tibial nerve at the level of the tarsal tunnel entry or within the tarsal tunnel. In all but one of the cases classified as pathological on ultrasound, an increase in tibial nerve CSA in the tarsal tunnel was observed compared with the CSA measured 5–10 cm proximal to the tarsal tunnel entry (by a factor of 1.6 ± 0.53). A secondary cause was found in only 12% of the cases. But this study also suggests that ultrasound may remain unremarkable in approximately one third of patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome. Conclusions: Establishing the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome remains challenging. Our study supports the hypothesis proposed in previous publications that tarsal tunnel syndrome appears to be an exception among compression neuropathies on ultrasound: sonography demonstrates nerve swelling not proximal to the site of compression, but at the level of the anatomical compression. Further prospective data would be of substantial clinical relevance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Up-to-Date Research on Nerve Ultrasound)
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