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Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1721

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jae-Yeol Lee

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental and Life Science Institute & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
Interests: maxillofacial trauma; orthognathic surgery; maxillofacial reconstructive surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a forthcoming Special Issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine titled “Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices.” This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest advancements, clinical innovations, and multidisciplinary perspectives shaping the future of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

We invite researchers, clinicians, and thought leaders in the field to submit original research articles and review articles that address the following:

Evidence-based surgical techniques and protocols;
Advances in digital planning, navigation, and minimally invasive approaches;
Management of complex maxillofacial trauma and pathology;
Innovations in reconstructive and esthetic surgery;
Interdisciplinary practices and guidelines for improved patient care.

This Special Issue will serve as a platform for sharing best practices and fostering international collaboration among specialists dedicated to improving outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

We encourage submissions that not only reflect scientific rigor but also provide practical insights that can be implemented across diverse clinical settings.

Dr. Jae-Yeol Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

facial trauma
TMJ disorders
implant and sinus surgery
sleep apnea
cosmetic and reconstructive surgery

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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12 pages, 4049 KB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Feasibility and Surgical Outcomes of a 3D-Printed Template-Based PMMA Implant Workflow for Genioplasty

by Sunje Kim, Young Mook Yun, Chunghun Ha, Da Hyun Kang and Sabeom Park

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(9), 3294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15093294 - 26 Apr 2026

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Abstract

Background: Achieving facial harmony in patients with micrognathia requires precise chin augmentation. While conventional ready-made implants often fail to conform to unique mandibular surfaces, expensive patient-specific options like PEEK or Titanium lack intraoperative adjustability. We introduce an innovative, cost-effective workflow utilizing 3D-printed templates to fabricate customized Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) implants, emphasizing their clinical feasibility and intraoperative versatility. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients with mild-to-moderate micrognathia (<6 mm advancement) who underwent genioplasty between March 2021 and June 2022. Patient-specific templates were produced via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) using low-shrinkage Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. During surgery, final PMMA implants were molded using these sterilized templates. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing mental advancement across preoperative, virtual simulation, and 6-month postoperative stages using Vectra 3D scanning. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed high fidelity between virtual planning and clinical outcomes. The mean discrepancy in horizontal advancement was only 1.02 mm (Planned: 5.04 mm vs. Actual: 4.02 mm). Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.928, p = 0.001). Subjective patient satisfaction was high, with 90% reporting “exceptional” or “very improved” results on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Two cases of transient numbness resolved spontaneously within two months. Conclusions: This workflow combines FDM-based template fabrication with intraoperative PMMA molding, enabling real-time adjustment of implant geometry. The results demonstrate a high level of agreement between virtual planning and postoperative outcomes, supporting the clinical reliability of this approach. It may serve as a practical alternative to conventional CAD/CAM methods, particularly in cases requiring both precision and intraoperative flexibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices)

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11 pages, 629 KB

Open AccessArticle

Indeterminate Lymph Nodes Assessment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using CT, MRI, and PET-CT: A Retrospective Study

by Jihye Ryu, Su-Yi Sim and Jae-Yeol Lee

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(4), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041610 - 19 Feb 2026

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in detecting metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with a particular focus on radiologically indeterminate lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on OSCC patients who underwent CT, MRI, and PET-CT imaging prior to surgery, followed by histopathologic confirmation. Lymph nodes were categorized as metastatic, indeterminate, or benign based on imaging criteria specific to each modality. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated using histopathology as the reference standard. Results: After excluding lymph nodes classified as indeterminate on preoperative imaging, CT demonstrated an accuracy of 83.6%, sensitivity of 51.9%, and specificity of 92.4% for metastatic lymph node detection. MRI and PET-CT showed comparable accuracies (81.6% and 80.8%, respectively) and identical sensitivities (53.9%). In contrast, among radiologically indeterminate lymph nodes, most lesions identified on CT and MRI were histopathologically benign, whereas PET-CT yielded very few indeterminate nodes, all of which were benign. For benign node identification, PET-CT exhibited the highest sensitivity (86.8%) but lower specificity (55.8%), while CT and MRI demonstrated more balanced specificity (73.1%) with lower sensitivity. Logistic regression confirmed SUVmax as a significant predictor of malignancy (p < 0.001; odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI: 1.48–2.35), and ROC analysis demonstrated strong discriminative performance (AUC = 0.88), with an optimal SUVmax cutoff of 3.6. Conclusion: While CT remains highly specific, PET-CT offers greater sensitivity in detecting benign and indeterminate lymph nodes, making it a valuable adjunct in preoperative assessment. SUVmax serves as a strong quantitative indicator for metastatic involvement. A multimodal imaging approach may enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in cases where lymph nodes lack definitive radiologic features. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices)

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17 pages, 582 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Accuracy and Outcomes of Computer-Aided Surgical Planning in Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery (DCIA) Free Flap Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Defects: A Systematic Review

by Hyo-Joon Kim, Ji-Su Oh, Kun-Woo Kim, Jun-Seong Kim and Seong-Yong Moon

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(12), 4600; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124600 (registering DOI) - 13 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Computer-aided surgical planning (CASP) technologies, including virtual surgical planning (VSP), 3D printed cutting guides, and patient-specific implants, have been increasingly applied to deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) free flap reconstruction of maxillofacial defects. Despite growing adoption, no systematic review has specifically evaluated their accuracy and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of CASP on reconstruction accuracy, operative efficiency, flap survival, and implant rehabilitation in DCIA flap surgery. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Studies reporting CASP-assisted DCIA free flap reconstruction with three or more patients were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for the randomized controlled trial (RCT). Results: Thirty studies (1 RCT, 13 comparative, and 16 non-comparative) involving 844 patients were included. VSP with 3D-printed cutting guides was the most frequently used technology (n = 22). Mean linear deviations between planned and actual outcomes ranged from 0.40 to 4.4 mm, with most studies reporting 0.7–2.7 mm. The sole RCT demonstrated significantly better accuracy (1.3 vs. 5.5 mm, p < 0.001) and shorter reconstruction time (16 vs. 39 min, p < 0.001) with CASP. Flap survival ranged from 90% to 100%. Conclusions: CASP technologies, particularly VSP with 3D-printed cutting guides, appear to improve the accuracy and predictability of DCIA flap reconstruction. However, the evidence base is predominantly retrospective and heterogeneous; prospective multicenter studies with standardized outcome measures are needed before definitive clinical guidelines can be established. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices)

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24 pages, 340 KB

Open AccessOpinion

Consensus Statement on Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitations: Evidence-Based Recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference

by Biagio Rapone, Elisabetta Ferrara, Filippo Tomarelli, Giuseppe Giovannico, Christian Bacci, Grazieli Dalmaschio, Massimiliano Novello, Antonio Andrisani, Giuseppe De Caro, Elena Fontanella, Paolo Dal Maso, Alessandro Buso, Alberto Ragagnin, Marco Ronda, Fabio Bernardello, Carlo Baroncini, Salvatore Galentino, Danilo Azzolini, Nicola Barion, Paolo Bozzoli, Vittorio Giannelli, Alessandro Mazzotta, Filippo Muratore, Maurizio Grande, Costantino Giagnorio, Caterina Nardi, Gilberto Gallelli, Luca Erboso and Maurizio De Francesco Show full author list Hide full author list

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(10), 3695; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103695 - 11 May 2026

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Abstract

Full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations are widely recognized as an effective treatment option for edentulous patients. Nevertheless, clinical decision-making regarding patient selection, surgical planning, prosthetic material choice, and long-term maintenance protocols remains heterogeneous and requires structured evidence-based guidance. A modified Delphi consensus process was conducted involving 29 experts during the Italian Consensus Conference. A systematic literature review covering the period 2015–2024 was performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Consensus was predefined as ≥90% agreement. Seven evidence-based consensus statements were developed addressing: (1) periodontal risk assessment using validated tools; (2) guided bone regeneration outcomes with technique-specific indications; (3) comparative survival of four versus six implants in mandibular full-arch rehabilitations; (4) equivalence of tilted and axial implant configurations; (5) prosthetic material selection, with monolithic zirconia showing high survival; (6) risk-stratified supportive maintenance protocols associated with a reduction in peri-implantitis incidence; and (7) systemic risk stratification, including absolute and relative contraindications, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) risk management, and perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Expert Consensus and Best Practices)

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