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Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia
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Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2025 | Viewed by 11497

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jeffrey Fessel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, University of California, 2069 Filbert Street, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA
Interests: Alzheimer’s dementia; schizophrenia; long COVID and mental symptoms; HIV/AIDS; rheumatic disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several thousand reports detail information concerning potential causes of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Surely, a cure for this form of dementia must be attainable, which is why a Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine invites articles showing potential cures. Curing any medical condition has two generic approaches. The first treats all of the possible causes that contribute to pathogenesis; this requires dozens of drugs. AD may have >15 possible causes requiring >30 drugs, which could be administered sequentially in small numbers over a long period of time. Most of the few articles published about curing AD have proposed that approach. However, AD clearly has multiple causes, and these may differ from patient to patient, so a ‘one size fits all’ approach might be incorrect. A second approach avoids this by identifying, for each separate patient, only those components of pathogenesis that are actually operative. Articles using either approach are welcome.

Dr. Jeffrey Fessel
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s dementia
  • cure
  • therapeutic approaches
  • clinical assessment
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Role of Overload and Psychoemotional Variables on Health-Related Quality of Life in Informal Caregivers of People with Alzheimer’s Disease
by Patricia Ferrero-Sereno, Patricia Palomo-López, María Mendoza-Muñoz, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Javier Urbano-Mairena and Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6188; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206188 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1243
Abstract
Background: Carers of people with Alzheimer’s disease often have a high degree of commitment and dedication which may also compromise physical and emotional, leisure, and occupational self-care. This study aimed to explore health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychoemotional variables in caregivers with [...] Read more.
Background: Carers of people with Alzheimer’s disease often have a high degree of commitment and dedication which may also compromise physical and emotional, leisure, and occupational self-care. This study aimed to explore health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychoemotional variables in caregivers with and without caregiver overload and its relationship. Methods: A single-measure cross-sectional correlational study was carried out involving 59 informal caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease with a mean age of 59.30 (±10.58). The participants completed the adult HRQoL questionnaires (EQ-5D-3L), Zarit Burden Inventory test, General Happiness Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ-E), International Fitness Scale (IFIS), Family Apgar scale, and Duke-UNC-11 Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Results: A significantly higher level of HRQoL (p = 0.029) in subjective happiness (p = 0.018), perceived social support (p = 0.046), avoidance (p = 0.034), occupational balance (p = 0.002), life satisfaction (p = 0.037), and self-perceived physical fitness (p = 0.021) was found in caregivers without perceived overload. Also, HRQoL was directly associated with self-perceived physical fitness (β = 0.534; p < 0.001) and occupational balance (β = 0.375; p < 0.001) and self-esteem (β = 0.249; p < 0.016). Conclusions: Caregivers who do not perceive overload have better levels of HRQoL and psychoemotional variables, establishing a relationship between HRQoL with self-perceived physical fitness, occupational balance, and self-esteem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia)

Review

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25 pages, 723 KiB  
Review
Biomarker-Based Precision Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: Multidimensional Evidence Leading a New Breakthrough in Personalized Medicine
by Anastasia Bougea and Philippos Gourzis
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4661; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164661 - 8 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2695
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the buildup of abnormal proteins in the central nervous system and cognitive decline. Since no radical therapy exists, only symptomatic treatments alleviate symptoms temporarily. In this review, we will explore the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a worldwide neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the buildup of abnormal proteins in the central nervous system and cognitive decline. Since no radical therapy exists, only symptomatic treatments alleviate symptoms temporarily. In this review, we will explore the latest advancements in precision medicine and biomarkers for AD, including their potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat this devastating condition. (2) Methods: A literature search was performed combining the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms on PubMed: “Alzheimer’s disease”, “biomarkers”, “APOE”, “APP”, “GWAS”, “cerebrospinal fluid”, “polygenic risk score”, “Aβ42”, “τP-181”, “ p-tau217”, “ptau231”, “proteomics”, “total tau protein”, and “precision medicine” using Boolean operators. (3) Results: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with AD risk, while a transcriptomic analysis has revealed dysregulated gene expression patterns in the brains of individuals with AD. The proteomic and metabolomic profiling of biological fluids, such as blood, urine, and CSF, and neuroimaging biomarkers have also yielded potential biomarkers of AD that could be used for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. (4) Conclusion: By leveraging a combination of the above biomarkers, novel ultrasensitive immunoassays, mass spectrometry methods, and metabolomics, researchers are making significant strides towards personalized healthcare for individuals with AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia)
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9 pages, 252 KiB  
Review
All GLP-1 Agonists Should, Theoretically, Cure Alzheimer’s Dementia but Dulaglutide Might Be More Effective Than the Others
by Jeffrey Fessel
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3729; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133729 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5420
Abstract
Addressing the dysfunctions of all brain cell types in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should cure the dementia, an objective that might be achieved by GLP-1 agonist drugs, because receptors for GLP-1 are present in all of the main brain cell types, i.e., neurons, oligodendroglia, [...] Read more.
Addressing the dysfunctions of all brain cell types in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should cure the dementia, an objective that might be achieved by GLP-1 agonist drugs, because receptors for GLP-1 are present in all of the main brain cell types, i.e., neurons, oligodendroglia, astroglia, microglia, endothelial cells and pericytes. This article describes the benefits provided to all of those brain cell types by GLP-1 agonist drugs. The article uses studies in humans, not rodents, to describe the effect of GLP-1 agonists upon cognition, because rodents’ brains differ from those of humans in so many ways that results from rodent studies may not be totally transferable to humans. Commercially available GLP-1 agonists have mostly shown either positive effects upon cognition or no effects. One important reason for no effects is a reduced rate of entering brain parenchyma. Dulaglutide has the greatest entry to brain, at 61.8%, among the available GLP-1 agonists, and seems to offer the best likelihood for cure of AD. Although there is only one study of cognition that used dulaglutide, it was randomized, placebo controlled, and very large; it involved 8828 participants and showed significant benefit to cognition. A clinical trial to test the hypothesis that dulaglutide may cure AD should have, as its primary outcome, a 30% greater cure rate of AD by dulaglutide than that achieved by an equipoise arm of, e.g., lithium plus memantine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

18 pages, 905 KiB  
Systematic Review
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Photobiomodulation in Improving Cognitive Abilities for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
by Monica Cornea, Bogdan Ioan Vintilă, Mihaela Bucuța, Laura Ștef, Claudia Elena Anghel, Andreea Maria Grama, Andrei Lomnasan, Andreea Angela Stetiu, Adrian Boicean, Mihai Sava, Lucian Constantin Paziuc, Mihnea Costin Manea, Andrian Tîbîrnă and Ciprian-Ionuț Băcilă
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1766; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051766 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Background: Due to the increasing global prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and photobiomodulation (PBM) are considered potential complementary therapies. Objective: We assessed the efficacy and safety of tDCS and PBM and their potential to [...] Read more.
Background: Due to the increasing global prevalence of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and photobiomodulation (PBM) are considered potential complementary therapies. Objective: We assessed the efficacy and safety of tDCS and PBM and their potential to enhance cognitive functions in individuals with AD. Methods: This review primarily examined studies designed to evaluate the efficacy, followed by an assessment of the safety of tDCS and PBM for people with AD. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection, resulting in 17 published randomized and controlled trials. References were screened over 5 years (2020–2024). The research design used PRISMA guidelines. Results: Fourteen studies were considered for tDCS, and the current literature supports efficacy and safety at an amperage of 2 mA, with electrodes placed on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Three studies were included for PBM. The heterogeneity of these study measures made them unsuitable for combined efficacy analysis, and they did not provide a safety evaluation. Conclusions: Despite differences in efficacy assessments, tDCS and PBM improved cognitive abilities. There is an urgent need to standardize metrics for evaluating efficacy and safety, particularly for PBM. Future research is encouraged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Cures of Alzheimer's Dementia)
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