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Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions
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Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nuclear Medicine & Radiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 1151

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Serafin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: diagnostic imaging; AI; MRI; dual-energy computed tomography; cardiovascular imaging
Dr. Wojciech Kazimierczak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: AI; dental imaging; diagnostic imaging; orthodontics; CBCT; dual energy computed tomography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions”, aims to highlight the latest advancements and emerging trends in imaging technologies, focusing on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD). With the rapid evolution of imaging modalities such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and PET-CT, as well as the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the field is poised to revolutionize diagnostic precision and clinical workflows.

Key challenges to be addressed include enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing imaging protocols for improved patient outcomes, and overcoming barriers to the implementation of AI-driven technologies. This Special Issue seeks contributions that explore novel methodologies, validate AI and CAD systems, or propose innovative applications of advanced imaging techniques in oral and maxillofacial radiology.

By mobilizing experts in radiology, AI, and clinical practice, this issue aims to foster interdisciplinary collaboration, drive the translation of cutting-edge research into clinical practice, and shape the future of diagnostics and treatment planning in oral and maxillofacial health care. We welcome original research and reviews that align with these objectives.

Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Serafin
Dr. Wojciech Kazimierczak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • computed-assisted diagnosis (CAD)
  • cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
  • convolutional neural network (CNN)
  • computed tomography (CT)
  • magnetic resonance (MR)
  • PET-CT

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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18 pages, 4964 KiB  
Article
A Cross-Sectional Survey Assessing the Factors Influencing Dentists’ Decisions on Post-Endodontic Prosthetic Crown Restoration
by Alexandru Gliga, Carlo Gaeta, Federico Foschi, Simone Grandini, Jose Aranguren, Xavier-Fructuos Ruiz, Adriano Azaripour, Mihai Săndulescu, Cezar Tiberiu Diaconu, Dana Bodnar and Marina Imre
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3632; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113632 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 370
Abstract
Interdisciplinary decision-making significantly influences both the therapeutic potential and clinical outcomes, shaping clinical attitudes and management strategies. As the integration between endodontic and restorative-prosthetic considerations becomes increasingly prevalent, it is essential to understand how different dental specialists, particularly general dental practitioners, prosthodontists and [...] Read more.
Interdisciplinary decision-making significantly influences both the therapeutic potential and clinical outcomes, shaping clinical attitudes and management strategies. As the integration between endodontic and restorative-prosthetic considerations becomes increasingly prevalent, it is essential to understand how different dental specialists, particularly general dental practitioners, prosthodontists and endodontists, approach clinical decision-making and collaborate to optimize patient care. Objectives: This study aims to identify practice disparities in post-endodontic crown placement to inform national policy reforms, including standardised timing protocols and interdisciplinary referral criteria. Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to dentists practicing in Romania, yielding 238 collected responses. Results: Substantial variability was found in clinical approaches: diagnostic imaging preferences indicated frequent use of periapical radiography (83.49%) and CBCT (53.67%). Over 70% expressed high confidence in CBCT’s diagnostic precision, significantly higher than periapical radiography (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, p < 0.00001). A statistically significant majority (69.3%, binomial test, p < 0.001) preferred delaying definitive crown placement until radiographic healing of periapical lesions. Logistic regression analysis showed endodontists were significantly less likely to choose invasive treatments compared to other specialists (p = 0.027). Although clinicians widely recognize the significance of prosthetic planning, its early integration into the overall treatment strategy has been inconsistent. Conclusions: This study points out the necessity for standardised guidelines that clearly integrate prosthetic planning into endodontic decision-making, enhancing predictability and tooth preservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions)
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9 pages, 1209 KiB  
Article
Radiological Evaluation of Retained Primary Molars in Adolescents with Mandibular Second Premolar Agenesis
by Dita Meistere, Aleksandra Karkle, Sindija Mengele, Liga Kronina and Laura Neimane
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3241; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093241 - 7 May 2025
Viewed by 320
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the condition of retained primary molars in case of mandibular second premolar agenesis. Materials and Methods: In total, 2692 panoramic radiographs of adolescent patients were analyzed to determine the prevalence of tooth agenesis. Patients (N = [...] Read more.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the condition of retained primary molars in case of mandibular second premolar agenesis. Materials and Methods: In total, 2692 panoramic radiographs of adolescent patients were analyzed to determine the prevalence of tooth agenesis. Patients (N = 156) with at least one mandibular second premolar agenesis were further explored to determine the presence and condition of retained primary teeth. Teeth were classified as good or poor based on root resorption, infraocclusion, caries, and restorations. Results: The prevalence of mandibular second premolar agenesis was 5.8% (N = 156). For the set period for this study, 138 (58.5%) primary molars were present. Out of these retained teeth, N = 83 were in good condition. There was a statistically significant positive weak correlation between age and the level of root resorption (rs = 0.348, n = 138, p < 0.001). There was no association between infraocclusion and the level of root resorption (p = 0.747). Signs of infraocclusion were noted in 32 out of 138 teeth. There was no association between gender and the presence of infraocclusion (p = 0.067) and the presence or lack of infraocclusion and the therapeutic status of a tooth (p = 0.450). Only 28 out of 138 (20.3%) were intact. There was a significant difference in the level of root resorption between restored and/or carious (median = 3, IQR 2–4) and intact teeth (median = 2, IQR 1.75–3), U = 1168, p = 0.044, r = 0.242. Conclusions: Overall, 35.2% of corresponding primary molars were present in oral cavity, and were in good condition, and could potentially be preserved in the long term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions)
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Other

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19 pages, 989 KiB  
Systematic Review
Enhancing Image Quality in Dental-Maxillofacial CBCT: The Impact of Iterative Reconstruction and AI on Noise Reduction—A Systematic Review
by Róża Wajer, Pawel Dabrowski-Tumanski, Adrian Wajer, Natalia Kazimierczak, Zbigniew Serafin and Wojciech Kazimierczak
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4214; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124214 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 221
Abstract
Background: This systematic review evaluates articles investigating the use of iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI)-based noise reduction techniques to improve the quality of oral CBCT images. Materials and Methods: A detailed search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, [...] Read more.
Background: This systematic review evaluates articles investigating the use of iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI)-based noise reduction techniques to improve the quality of oral CBCT images. Materials and Methods: A detailed search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. The inclusion criteria were prospective or retrospective studies with IR and AI for CBCT images, studies in which the image quality was statistically assessed, studies on humans, and studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English. Quality assessment was performed independently by two authors, and the conflicts were resolved by the third expert. For bias assessment, the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 tool was used for bias assessment. Material: A total of eleven studies were included, analyzing a range of IR and AI methods designed to reduce noise and artifacts in CBCT images. Results: A statistically significant improvement in CBCT image quality parameters was achieved by the algorithms used in each of the articles we reviewed. The most commonly used image quality measures were peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The most significant increase in PSNR was demonstrated by Ylisiurua et al. and Vestergaard et al., who reported an increase in this parameter of more than 30% for both deep learning (DL) techniques used. Another subcategory used to improve the quality of CBCT images is the reconstruction of synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images using AI. The use of sCT allowed an increase in PSNR ranging from 17% to 30%. For the more traditional methods, FBP and iterative reconstructions, there was an improvement in the PSNR parameter but not as high, ranging from 3% to 13%. Among the research papers evaluating the CNR parameter, an improvement of 17% to 29% was achieved. Conclusions: The use of AI and IR can significantly improve the quality of oral CBCT images by reducing image noise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology: Clinical Progress and New Directions)
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