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Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies in Young Adults

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Obstetrics & Gynecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 2228

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Oraianthi Fiste

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Third Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: gynecological cancers; biomarkers; translational oncology; liquid biopsy
Dr. Dimitrios Haidopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
Interests: gynecological cancers; minimally invasive surgery; fertility-sparing surgery
Dr. Michalis Liontos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Division of Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, 10679 Athens, Greece
Interests: ovarian cancer; uterine cancer; gestational trophoblastic disease; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecological malignancies are rather uncommon among young females (≤39 years of age according to the National Cancer Institute), with the incidence rates ranging from 1.3 to 13 per 100,000 population. Among them, germ cell tumors and cervical cancer are the most prevalent and the most lethal, respectively. Apart from their distinct epidemiological characteristics, gynecological cancers in reproductive-aged women are highly heterogeneous with regard to their biological and clinical characteristics, requiring a personalized therapeutic approach within the multidisciplinary setting.

Acknowledging not only their unique needs (i.e., oncofertility care, genetic counselling) and rather neglected challenges (i.e., psychosexual support) but also the paucity of clinical research for this specific patient population, we welcome the submission of original articles, meta-analyses, systematic and narrative reviews, as well as study protocols, that could enhance awareness among the oncology community and encourage holistic, patient-centered cancer care. 

Dr. Oraianthi Fiste
Dr. Dimitrios Haidopoulos
Dr. Michalis Liontos
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • gynecological cancers
  • young adults
  • young women
  • fertility
  • personalized care

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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20 pages, 6720 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Predictive Performance of miR-124-2 and FAM19A4 for Cervical Lesions in a Single Center from Romania: A Prospective Study
by Ioana-Sadiye Scripcariu, Tudor Gisca, Anca Botezatu, Demetra Socolov, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Carmen Diaconu and Alina Fudulu
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(10), 3452; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103452 - 15 May 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Molecular triage strategies for cervical lesions based on miR-124-2 and FAM19A4 are poorly studied in various populations. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the individual and combined predictive performance of these two markers for the prediction of various [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Molecular triage strategies for cervical lesions based on miR-124-2 and FAM19A4 are poorly studied in various populations. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the individual and combined predictive performance of these two markers for the prediction of various histological categories of cervical lesions. Methods: An FAM19A4 and miR124-2 methylation analysis was performed on 70 samples from patients negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1-3 and squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC), along with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping and cytological and histopathological assessment. Descriptive statistics examined clinical associations, while sensitivity analysis evaluated the predictive performance of these markers individually and combined. Results: The sensitivity of miR-124-2 was 28.1%, while its specificity was 86.8% for SCC. The ROC values ranged between 0.25 and 0.62 for the evaluated histological categories, suggesting a poor to moderate predictive performance. FAM19A4 had a sensitivity of 36% for predicting CIN3 and SCC, as well as a high specificity for CIN3 and SCC (88.9%), with ROC values between 0.35 and 0.73 for the evaluated histological categories. The combined tests improved the PPV for higher-risk lesions (CIN3, SCC), but did not significantly improve the ROC values. FAM19A4 achieved the best performance for the prediction of CIN2+ (ROC: 0.64) and CIN3+ lesions (ROC: 0.73). Conclusions: We hypothesize that while not suitable as stand-alone diagnostic tools, such biomarkers may aid in stratifying patients and optimizing referral decisions, pending further validation in larger, population-based cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies in Young Adults)
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22 pages, 1892 KiB  
Case Report
Giant Ovarian Tumors in Young Women: Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges—A Report of Two Cases and Narrative Review of the Recent Literature
by Mariia Melnyk, Andrzej Starczewski, Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska, Amalia Gorzko, Bohdan Melnyk and Iwona Szydłowska
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1236; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041236 - 13 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1452
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cysts (OCs) are a common gynecological issue, with approximately 20% of women developing at least one pelvic mass during their lifetime. The incidence of large ovarian cysts has decreased substantially due to regular gynecological screenings. However, giant ovarian tumors still continue [...] Read more.
Background: Ovarian cysts (OCs) are a common gynecological issue, with approximately 20% of women developing at least one pelvic mass during their lifetime. The incidence of large ovarian cysts has decreased substantially due to regular gynecological screenings. However, giant ovarian tumors still continue to pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Methods: We report two cases of giant ovarian tumors (GOTs). Case 1 involves a 17-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of gradual abdominal enlargement, accompanied by repeated attempts at weight reduction. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large tumor. It was excised by laparotomy. Histopathologic examination revealed ovarian cystadenofibroma. Case 2 presents a 25-year-old female who had a 3-month history of progressive, severe abdominal distension and weight gain, accompanied by nausea and diarrhea. CT imaging revealed a giant cystic neoplasm. The cyst was removed by laparotomy. The histopathological study revealed the intestinal–endocervical mucinous borderline tumor. In this context, we performed a narrative literature review, including cases of giant ovarian tumors in young women over the past five years. We centered on diagnoses and management in these cases. Results: The surgical management of both cases was successful, with complete tumor excision and favorable postoperative outcomes. hese cases underscore the importance of including giant ovarian tumors in the differential diagnosis of young women presenting with progressive abdominal distension. The narrative review analyzed 39 relevant publications on the management of giant ovarian tumors in young women. Conclusions: It is important to highlight a possible risk of malignancy, and risk of fatal complications during the surgical removal of giant ovarian cysts (GOCs). To ensure safer and more successful outcomes, multidisciplinary care should be provided. The early detection and diagnosis of OCs are challenging, as patients may not seek medical attention until the tumor has become large enough to cause symptoms. It is crucial to raise awareness among family doctors and other primary care providers (PCPs) regarding OCs to ensure optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management and improve the outcomes for patients with OCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies in Young Adults)
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