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Clinical Innovations in Laboratory Medicine to Advance Diagnostic and Improve Patient Outcomes

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2026) | Viewed by 4264

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jing Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Interests: population health; laboratory operation; biomarker; cardiovascular disease; pediatric and maternal health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xin Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
Interests: autoimmune diseases; infectious diseases; neurological inflammatory diseases; solid organ transplantation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Laboratory testing guides the majority of clinical decisions, yet disparities in access to and the interpretation of diagnostics contribute to delays and misdiagnoses, particularly in underserved patient populations. These clinical gaps negatively affect patient outcomes and healthcare equity.

This Special Issue will focus on clinically relevant advances in laboratory medicine that enhance diagnostic accuracy, support personalized care, and address disparities in current healthcare system. Emphasis will be placed on innovations with measurable clinical impact.

We invite scholars to submit review articles, original research papers, and editorials that focus on topics such as validated diagnostics for diverse populations, near-patient testing in clinical settings, biomarker discovery with direct patient benefit, and studies demonstrating improved outcomes through laboratory innovation. The goal is to highlight how laboratory medicine directly advances equitable, high-quality patient care.

Dr. Jing Cao
Dr. Xin Yi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health equity
  • laboratory diagnostics
  • near-patient testing
  • diagnostic access
  • underserved patient populations
  • disparities in healthcare
  • patient outcome

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 892 KB  
Article
Harmonisation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Results Obtained with Different Direct Methods: A Study Based on an External Quality Assessment Program
by Agnieszka Ćwiklińska and Aleksandra Fijałkowska
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(24), 8706; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248706 - 9 Dec 2025
Viewed by 585
Abstract
Objectives: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary lipid cardiovascular risk factor, for which universal decision cut-off values are applied. The aim of our study was to assess the current harmonisation status of LDL-C results obtained with direct methods. Methods: We analysed LDL-C [...] Read more.
Objectives: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary lipid cardiovascular risk factor, for which universal decision cut-off values are applied. The aim of our study was to assess the current harmonisation status of LDL-C results obtained with direct methods. Methods: We analysed LDL-C results obtained in an international external quality assessment (EQA) programme ‘Lipids and Lipoproteins, Lp(a)’ within the period of January 2020 to October 2025. The samples were fresh liquid unprocessed human sera obtained from single donors. The inter-laboratory coefficient of variation (CV), the intra-method CV, and the concentration difference (mmol/L) between the method-specific mean and consensus LDL-C values were analysed. Results: The median of inter-laboratory CV was 8.7% (Q1–Q3: 7.3%–9.9%). The medians of intra-method CV were from 3.3% (Q1–Q3: 2.6%–4.0%) for ‘Roche’ to 8.6% (4.9%–13.7%) for ‘Siemens (Advia & Attelica)’. The median concentration of LDL-C for individual method groups was as follows: 3.45 (Q1–Q3: 2.47–4.59) mmol/L for ‘Abbott’, 3.31 (2.15–4.11) mmol/L for ‘Roche’, 3.50 (2.02–4.47) mmol/L for ‘Siemens (Advia & Attellica)’, and 3.25 (2.27–4.19) mmol/L for ‘Thermo Scientific’. The greatest differences between the method groups were observed for serum samples with high LDL-C and high triglyceride levels, for which the medians of concentration difference between the method-specific mean and consensus LDL-C values were from −0.20 (−0.37–(−0.13)) mmol/L to 0.39 (0.30–0.52) mmol/L. Conclusions: Harmonisation of LDL-C results remains a challenge. Healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of possible differences between LDL-C results obtained from different analysers/manufacturers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Innovations in Laboratory Medicine to Advance Diagnostic and Improve Patient Outcomes)
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16 pages, 453 KB  
Article
Vitamin D Receptor rs7975232 (ApaI) Variant, Inflammatory Markers, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery
by Dariusz Larysz, Remigiusz Recław, Aleksandra Suchanecka, Wojciech Dziurawiec, Rafał Tkacz, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, Krzysztof Chmielowiec, Anna Grzywacz and Jolanta Chmielowiec
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(21), 7675; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217675 - 29 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 820
Abstract
Background: Genetic variability in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) may influence immune regulation and systemic inflammation, factors potentially relevant for outcomes in orthopedic surgery. This study explored the association of the VDR rs7975232 (ApaI) single nucleotide variation (SNV) with inflammatory biomarkers [...] Read more.
Background: Genetic variability in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) may influence immune regulation and systemic inflammation, factors potentially relevant for outcomes in orthopedic surgery. This study explored the association of the VDR rs7975232 (ApaI) single nucleotide variation (SNV) with inflammatory biomarkers and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: The study included 292 orthopedic patients and 90 controls. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Laboratory analyses comprised hematological parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. HRQoL was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. Associations between genotype, inflammation, and HRQoL were examined using regression models adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). Results: Genotype (p = 0.023) and allele (p = 0.007) distributions differed between patients and controls. In multivariable models, the CC genotype was associated with higher neutrophil counts (p = 0.029), whereas the AA genotype was associated with elevated CRP levels (p = 0.025). Genotypic variation was further associated with SF-36 scores, independently of age and BMI. Conclusions: The VDR rs7975232 SNV may be associated with baseline systemic inflammation and patient-reported quality of life in orthopedic surgery. Genotyping of this variant may complement conventional biomarkers in future research aimed at improving diagnostic precision. Moreover, it could contribute to innovation in laboratory diagnostics aimed at improving perioperative outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Innovations in Laboratory Medicine to Advance Diagnostic and Improve Patient Outcomes)
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Review

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12 pages, 1350 KB  
Review
Emerging Technologies and Advanced Strategies in Hemoglobin Defect Screening
by Cindy Zhang, Victoria Crystal Chen, Bremansu Osa-Andrews and Jing Cao
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5690; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165690 - 12 Aug 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2466
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) defects, or hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and structural Hb variants, are among the most prevalent inherited diseases and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Screening for hemoglobinopathies in the primary care setting plays a critical role in enhancing patient [...] Read more.
Hemoglobin (Hb) defects, or hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia and structural Hb variants, are among the most prevalent inherited diseases and are associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Screening for hemoglobinopathies in the primary care setting plays a critical role in enhancing patient outcomes and advancing population health. It promotes awareness, enables early diagnosis and treatment, supports informed reproductive decisions through genetic counseling, and facilitates access to novel therapies such as genetic modifications. Screening approaches for hemoglobinopathies have evolved to reflect regional prevalence, healthcare infrastructure, and ethical considerations. Varying strategies underscore the necessity of tailoring to local contexts, balancing cost, accuracy, accessibility, and social impact. As global migration reshapes population genetics, flexible and equitable screening frameworks are increasingly essential. This review focuses on practical techniques suitable for the screening of Hb defects in primary care. Recent advances and findings in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, point of care testing, and molecular methodologies are covered. In addition, strategies and approaches in multiple regions in the world are reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Innovations in Laboratory Medicine to Advance Diagnostic and Improve Patient Outcomes)
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