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Autoimmune Diseases and Multisystem Inflammation: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology & Rheumatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2025 | Viewed by 921

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
Interests: rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune diseases; autoantibody; cardiovascular; vasculitis; vascular inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autoimmune diseases and multisystem inflammation are complex conditions driven by immune dysregulation, leading to chronic tissue damage and significant morbidity. Despite advancements in understanding their pathophysiology, key challenges remain, including identifying precise disease mechanisms, discovering reliable biomarkers, and developing targeted, long-term therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue, “Autoimmune Diseases and Multisystem Inflammation: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies”, aims to consolidate cutting-edge research to address these challenges. The issue will cover a wide range of topics, including clinical: immune-mediated inflammatory pathways, genetic and environmental factors, disease-specific and systemic biomarkers, and innovative treatment modalities such as biologics, immunomodulators, and precision medicine approaches.

By bringing together experts from immunology, rheumatology, and related disciplines, this Special Issue seeks to advance current knowledge, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and accelerate the development of effective, patient-centered therapies. We encourage researchers and clinicians to contribute original research, reviews, and clinical perspectives to drive innovation and improve outcomes for patients affected by these debilitating conditions.

Dr. Tsuyoshi Shirai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • autoimmune diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cutaneous diseases
  • gastrointestinal diseases
  • pulmonary diseases
  • renal diseases
  • systemic manifestation
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • vasculitis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 350 KB  
Article
Interleukin-6-Related Inflammatory Burden in Type 1 Diabetes: Evidence for Elevation with Suboptimal Glycemic Control
by Theocharis Koufakis, Dimitrios Kouroupis, Areti Kourti, Katerina Thisiadou, Paraskevi Karalazou, Djordje S. Popovic, Dimitrios Patoulias, Giuseppe Maltese, Athina Pyrpasopoulou, Panagiotis Doukelis, Ioanna Zografou, Kalliopi Kotsa, Michael Doumas and Kali Makedou
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(18), 6511; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14186511 - 16 Sep 2025
Viewed by 745
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Inflammation is a hallmark of diabetes, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) emerging as a key mediator linking immune activation with metabolic regulation. Although IL-6 has been studied in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), its relationship with glycemic control across [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Inflammation is a hallmark of diabetes, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) emerging as a key mediator linking immune activation with metabolic regulation. Although IL-6 has been studied in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), its relationship with glycemic control across diabetes subtypes remains unexplored. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study including 82 participants divided into the following subgroups: healthy controls (n = 14), individuals with T1D [n = 11 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7%; n = 11 with HbA1c ≥ 7%] and T2D (n = 21 with HbA1c < 7%; n = 25 with HbA1c ≥ 7%). Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory parameters were collected. Group comparisons were performed, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI) to account for significant demographic differences between groups. Correlations between IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin, and presepsin were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: IL-6 levels were approximately four-fold higher in T1D individuals with HbA1c ≥ 7% compared with controls [fold-change 4.06 (95% CI: 1.36–12.1), p = 0.013], with optimally managed T1D showing a non-significant trend (p = 0.079). No significant differences were observed in T2D groups. Advancing age demonstrated a borderline association with IL-6 (p = 0.068), whereas BMI was not significantly related. IL-6 correlated positively with hs-CRP (ρ = 0.463, p < 0.001), but not with ferritin or presepsin. Conclusions: IL-6 concentrations were significantly elevated in individuals with suboptimally managed T1D compared with controls, independent of age and BMI, suggesting that poor metabolic control amplifies systemic inflammation in autoimmune diabetes. These findings support IL-6 as a biomarker of inflammatory burden in T1D and provide a rationale for larger, longitudinal studies to determine its clinical utility. Full article
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