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Urological Oncology: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 5423

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Oncologic Urology, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: robotic surgical procedures; prostate cancer; urinary bladder neoplasms; penile neoplasms; learning curve; urinary diversion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urological oncology is a constantly evolving field. Each year brings forward new insights into diagnostic methods and treatment approaches, encompassing surgical techniques, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapeutic strategies, which significantly influence clinical practice and shape guideline recommendations.

The scope of these innovations is consistently focused on maximizing benefits related to oncological outcomes, including overall survival, recurrence-free survival, quality of life, functional outcomes, among others. Precision in diagnostic methods is continually improving, as seen in techniques such as MRI–ultrasound prostate fusion biopsy, MRI in muscle-invasive cancer, and prostate cancer diagnosis. Surgical techniques have made significant progress over the past decade, with a focus on minimally invasive procedures that seek to achieve precise treatment while preserving function; examples include ultrapreservative radical prostatectomy, totally clampless partial nephrectomy, and totally intracorporeal urinary diversions and neobladders. Regarding medical and radiological therapies, new strategies are constantly emerging and being studied with regard to neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy indications, with dose adjustments to achieve disease control and reduce side-effects.

Urologic oncology is a comprehensive field, requiring interdisciplinary cooperation with the primary goal of enhancing both quality of life and disease control. This Special Issue is dedicated to publishing contributions centered around innovative strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tumors, contributing to the growing body of evidence in the field.

Dr. Aldo Brassetti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • minimally invasive surgical procedures
  • robotic surgical procedures
  • laparoscopy
  • augmented reality
  • prostatectomy
  • nephrectomy
  • cystectomy
  • diagnosis
  • immunotherapy
  • chemotherapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1039 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Surgical Resection on Cancer-Specific Mortality in Pelvic Soft Tissue Sarcoma According to Histologic Subtype and Stage
by Mattia Luca Piccinelli, Andrea Baudo, Stefano Tappero, Cristina Cano Garcia, Francesco Barletta, Reha-Baris Incesu, Simone Morra, Lukas Scheipner, Zhe Tian, Stefano Luzzago, Francesco Alessandro Mistretta, Matteo Ferro, Fred Saad, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Sascha Ahyai, Nicola Longo, Derya Tilki, Alberto Briganti, Felix K. H. Chun, Carlo Terrone, Luca Carmignani, Ottavio de Cobelli, Gennaro Musi and Pierre I. Karakiewiczadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5787; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195787 - 28 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The impact of surgical resection versus non-resection on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in soft tissue pelvic sarcoma remains largely unclear, particularly when considering histologic subtypes such as liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and sarcoma NOS. The objective of the present study was to first report [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The impact of surgical resection versus non-resection on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in soft tissue pelvic sarcoma remains largely unclear, particularly when considering histologic subtypes such as liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and sarcoma NOS. The objective of the present study was to first report data regarding the association between surgical resection status and CSM in soft tissue pelvic sarcoma. Methods: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2019, we identified 2491 patients diagnosed with pelvic soft tissue sarcoma. Cumulative incidence plots were used to illustrate CSM and other-cause mortality rates based on the histologic subtype and surgical resection status. Competing risk regression models were employed to assess whether surgical resection was an independent predictor of CSM in both non-metastatic and metastatic patients. Results: Among the 2491 patients with soft tissue pelvic sarcoma, liposarcoma was the most common subtype (41%), followed by leiomyosarcoma (39%) and sarcoma NOS (20%). Surgical resection rates were 92% for liposarcoma, 91% for leiomyosarcoma, and 58% for sarcoma NOS in non-metastatic patients, while for metastatic patients, the rates were 55%, 49%, and 23%, respectively. In non-metastatic patients who underwent surgical resection, five-year CSM rates by histologic subtype were 10% for liposarcoma, 32% for leiomyosarcoma, and 27% for sarcoma NOS. The multivariable competing risk regression analysis showed that surgical resection provided a protective effect across all histologic subtypes in non-metastatic patients (liposarcoma HR: 0.2, leiomyosarcoma HR: 0.5, sarcoma NOS HR: 0.4). In metastatic patients, surgical resection had a protective effect for those with leiomyosarcoma (HR: 0.6) but not for those with sarcoma NOS. An analysis for metastatic liposarcoma was not possible due to insufficient data. Conclusions: In non-metastatic soft tissue pelvic sarcoma, surgical resection may be linked to a reduction in CSM. However, in metastatic patients, this protective effect appears to be limited primarily to those with leiomyosarcoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urological Oncology: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment)
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13 pages, 760 KiB  
Article
Efficacy and Safety of Immuno-Oncology Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Late-Line Combination Therapy for Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Shuzo Hamamoto, Yoshihiko Tasaki, Toshiharu Morikawa, Taku Naiki, Toshiki Etani, Kazumi Taguchi, Shoichiro Iwatsuki, Rei Unno, Tomoki Takeda, Takashi Nagai, Kengo Kawase, Yoshihisa Mimura, Yosuke Sugiyama, Atsushi Okada, Yoko Furukawa-Hibi and Takahiro Yasui
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(12), 3365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123365 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Immuno-oncology plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO+TKI) combination therapy is an essential first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, reports of its efficacy and safety as late-line therapy are lacking. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of IO+TKI [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Immuno-oncology plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO+TKI) combination therapy is an essential first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, reports of its efficacy and safety as late-line therapy are lacking. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of IO+TKI combination therapy as a late-line therapy for patients with RCC. Methods: We retrospectively examined 17 patients with RCC who received IO+TKI combination therapy as a second-line therapy or beyond (pembrolizumab plus axitinib, n = 10; avelumab plus axitinib, n = 5; nivolumab plus cabozantinib, n = 2). Results: The overall response and disease control rates of IO+TKI combination therapy were 29.4% and 64.7%, respectively. The median overall survival was not attained. Progression-free survival was 552 days, and 94.1% of patients (n = 16) experienced adverse effects (AEs) of any grade; moreover, 41.2% of patients (n = 7) experienced grade ≥ 3 immuno-related AEs. Conclusions: IO+TKI combination therapy may be a late-line therapy option for RCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urological Oncology: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment)
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Review

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16 pages, 275 KiB  
Review
Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
by Rigoberto Pallares-Mendez, Aldo Brassetti, Alfredo Maria Bove and Giuseppe Simone
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4927; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1783
Abstract
New insights in the urinary microbiome have led to a better understanding being built of the shifts in bacterial representations from health to disease; these hold promise as markers for diagnosis and therapeutic responses. Although several efforts have been made to identify a [...] Read more.
New insights in the urinary microbiome have led to a better understanding being built of the shifts in bacterial representations from health to disease; these hold promise as markers for diagnosis and therapeutic responses. Although several efforts have been made to identify a “core urinary microbiome”, different fingerprints have been identified in men and women that shift with age. The main bacterial groups overall include Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Although patients with bladder cancer have a microbiome that is similar to that of healthy individuals, differences have been observed at the species level with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Ralstonia, and at the genus level with Cutibacterium. Different bacterial representations may influence extracellular matrix composition, affecting tumor metastatic spreading and tumorigenic metalloproteinase expression. Furthermore, gene expression affecting targets of immune therapy, such as PD-L1, has been associated with changes in bacterial representations and therapeutic response to BCG. This comprehensive review aims to examine the influence of the urinary microbiome in bladder cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urological Oncology: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment)
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