Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Pallares-Mendez, Rigoberto; Brassetti, Aldo; Bove, Alfredo Maria; Simone, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/jcm13164927

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Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00128 Rome, Italy

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J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4927; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927

Submission received: 17 July 2024 / Revised: 11 August 2024 / Accepted: 18 August 2024 / Published: 21 August 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urological Oncology: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Abstract

New insights in the urinary microbiome have led to a better understanding being built of the shifts in bacterial representations from health to disease; these hold promise as markers for diagnosis and therapeutic responses. Although several efforts have been made to identify a “core urinary microbiome”, different fingerprints have been identified in men and women that shift with age. The main bacterial groups overall include Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Although patients with bladder cancer have a microbiome that is similar to that of healthy individuals, differences have been observed at the species level with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Ralstonia, and at the genus level with Cutibacterium. Different bacterial representations may influence extracellular matrix composition, affecting tumor metastatic spreading and tumorigenic metalloproteinase expression. Furthermore, gene expression affecting targets of immune therapy, such as PD-L1, has been associated with changes in bacterial representations and therapeutic response to BCG. This comprehensive review aims to examine the influence of the urinary microbiome in bladder cancer.

Keywords: microbiota; virome; urinary bladder neoplasms; non-muscle-invasive bladder neoplasms; Mycobacterium bovis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pallares-Mendez, R.; Brassetti, A.; Bove, A.M.; Simone, G. Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927

AMA Style

Pallares-Mendez R, Brassetti A, Bove AM, Simone G. Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pallares-Mendez, Rigoberto, Aldo Brassetti, Alfredo Maria Bove, and Giuseppe Simone. 2024. "Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927

APA Style

Pallares-Mendez, R., Brassetti, A., Bove, A. M., & Simone, G. (2024). Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(16), 4927. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164927

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Insights into the Interplay between the Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

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