New Insights into Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 3539

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
Interests: psoriasis; melanoma; non-melanoma skin cancer; actinic keratosis; atopic dermatitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concerning increase in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) requires a renewed focus on early detection and personalized treatment strategies. Recent advances in diagnostics, including state-of-the-art imaging and genetic profiling, have revolutionized our ability to detect and intervene at the earliest stages, improving prognosis and treatment success.

The therapeutic landscape is equally dynamic, with the emergence of immunotherapy and targeted therapies tailored to individual genetic and immunological profiles. This paradigm shift holds significant potential to improve efficacy while minimizing side effects, offering a more precise and patient-centric approach.

Beyond early detection and targeted therapies, ensuring equitable access to care and promoting patient education and empowerment are essential. Telemedicine holds great promise for improving accessibility, facilitating timely interventions, and engaging patients. Additionally, artificial intelligence offers exciting opportunities to refine diagnostics and treatment planning, further personalizing care.

Ultimately, understanding the complexities of these diseases requires robust scientific collaborations that bridge the gap between research and clinical application. Cooperation among clinicians, researchers, and industry stakeholders contributes to a deeper understanding of these diseases and fosters a landscape where scientific knowledge is translated into tangible clinical benefits.

Dr. Andrea Carugno
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • melanoma
  • non-melanoma skin cancers (nmsc)
  • basal cell carcinoma (bcc)
  • squamous cell carcinoma (scc)
  • actinic keratosis (ak)
  • prevention and early detection
  • genetic
  • artificial intelligence
  • telemedicine
  • immunotherapy and targeted therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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9 pages, 1002 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of Prognostic Factors in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Study of 237 Japanese Cases
by Emi Yamazaki, Taku Fujimura, Manami Takahashi-Watanabe, Ryo Amagai, Erika Tamabuchi, Kenta Oka, Yumi Kambayashi, Akira Hashimoto, Ryoko Omori, Takehiro Takahashi and Yoshihide Asano
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041243 - 13 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cutaneous malignancy with diverse etiologies, including actinic keratosis, burns, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Methods: We reviewed 237 cases diagnosed as cSCC in our department between 2013 and 2023. In addition, we focused [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common cutaneous malignancy with diverse etiologies, including actinic keratosis, burns, and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Methods: We reviewed 237 cases diagnosed as cSCC in our department between 2013 and 2023. In addition, we focused on HS as an aggravating factor for cSCC. The mechanism of cSCC progression was investigated with a focus on LL-37, a peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of HS. Relevant gene expression was analyzed comprehensively via RNA sequencing in vitro. Results: The median age of the patients was 82 years (range: 33–101), with 139 males and 98 females. The primary sites were as follows: head and neck (125 cases), trunk (10 cases), vulva (11 cases), extremities (81 cases), and buttocks (10 cases). Among the five cases (2.1%) of buttocks cSSc associated with HS, all cases (100%) had local recurrence or lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and one case (20%) developed multi-organ metastasis. The incidence of disease progression in cSCC originating from HS-affected buttocks was significantly higher than in other sites (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed the significant amplification of ACTA1, which was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions: These results suggest that HS is a prognostic factor in cSCC and that LL-37 stimulation contributes to tumor progression, partly by enhancing multiple tumor growth factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers)
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10 pages, 465 KiB  
Article
Melanoma in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): An Italian Multi-Centric Retrospective Experience
by Mario Valenti, Andrea D’Arino, Enrico Melis, Andrea Carugno, Paolo Sena, Pasquale Frascione, Carlo Cota, Francesco Piscazzi, Santo Raffaele Mercuri, Vincenzo Russo, Giuseppe Damiano, Alessandra Bulotta, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Maria Alessandra Mattioli, Riccardo G Borroni, Alessandra Narcisi, Antonio Costanzo, Marco Ardigò and Giovanni Paolino
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6445; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216445 - 28 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1343
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is currently the most prevalent malignant neoplasm among adults and represents the second most common cancer in both sexes among individuals aged 0 to 39 years. This retrospective multicenter study delves into the distinctive clinical, anamnestic, histopathologic, and prognostic attributes of [...] Read more.
Background: Melanoma is currently the most prevalent malignant neoplasm among adults and represents the second most common cancer in both sexes among individuals aged 0 to 39 years. This retrospective multicenter study delves into the distinctive clinical, anamnestic, histopathologic, and prognostic attributes of melanoma in Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA), defined as patients diagnosed at ≤40 years, across four Italian centers. Methods: Through a computer-based review of clinical records from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2023, AYA melanomas were contrasted with non-AYA melanomas (>40 years) among 1452 patients. Data on demographics, melanoma localization, histological type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy status were meticulously collected and analyzed. Results: Our analysis revealed a female predominance in the AYA group and a male predominance in the non-AYA group, with significant differences in anatomical localization and histological types between the two. AYA melanomas showed nearly equal trunk and limb involvement, contrasting with the trunk predominance in non-AYA melanomas. While Breslow thickness was similar across both groups, the presence of ulceration and total number of nevi showed no significant difference. Survival analysis indicated a marginally higher Disease-Free Survival (DFS) in AYA patients compared to non-AYA patients, without a significant difference in Overall Survival (OS). Conclusions: This study highlights demographic and clinical distinctions between AYA and non-AYA melanoma patients, underscoring the need for tailored follow-up and treatment strategies. Despite these insights, the heterogeneity of melanoma among young adults calls for further research, including genetic analyses, to fully understand this unique melanoma subgroup. Indeed, AYA melanoma patients could represent a different and specific target for both follow-up and treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers)
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10 pages, 4459 KiB  
Case Report
The Application of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the Treatment of Acral Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Report of Two Cases
by Jakub Żółkiewicz, Laura Banciu, Martyna Sławińska, Mariana Frumosu, Tiberiu Tebeică, Michał Sobjanek and Mihaela Leventer
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(22), 6643; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226643 - 5 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise skin surgery technique that is particularly useful in the treatment of high-risk skin cancers and tumors located in challenging anatomical areas. Methods: we report two cases of basal cell carcinoma located in the acral areas [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a precise skin surgery technique that is particularly useful in the treatment of high-risk skin cancers and tumors located in challenging anatomical areas. Methods: we report two cases of basal cell carcinoma located in the acral areas effectively treated using MMS. Results: the presented cases demonstrate that MMS is an excellent surgical modality providing outstanding medical, cosmetic, and functional outcomes. Moreover, this study provides another dermoscopic presentation of acral basal cell carcinoma in a patient without the diagnosis of hereditary genetic syndromes associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Conclusions: basal cell carcinoma located on hands and feet, albeit rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of amelanotic skin tumors in acral areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers)
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