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New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases
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New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 3938

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giulia Ciccarese

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Guest Editor
Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Interests: skin and mucosal infections; sexually transmitted infections; infectious exanthems; human papillomaviruses; syphilis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sebastiano Recalcati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dermatology Unit, ASST Lecco—Ospedale A. Manzoni, 23900 Lecco, Italy
Interests: dermatology; cutaneous melanoma; cutaneous malignancies; cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Dr. Astrid Herzum

E-Mail
Guest Editor
DISSAL, Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
Interests: dermatology; infectious skin disease; inflammatory skin disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infections of the skin and mucous membranes are widespread in clinical practice, as primary infections from viruses and bacteria as well as the reactivation of latent viruses are responsible for multiple clinical pictures in Dermatology and Venereology. With regard to the viral etiology, the same virus may result in distinct clinical manifestations and a single disease may be caused by different viruses.

Changes in the epidemiology, virulence and contagiousness of several pathogens have emerged in recent years. Both new pathogens (such as SARS-CoV-2) and old pathogens (monkeypox virus) may result in new cutaneous manifestations involving the skin and mucous membranes.

In this Special Issue, we would like to collect novel insights into the field of skin and mucosal infections that provide a clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutical perspective. Preventive approaches to skin/mucosal infections through vaccinations may also be discussed.

Dr. Giulia Ciccarese
Dr. Sebastiano Recalcati
Dr. Astrid Herzum
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exanthem
  • latent viruses
  • infectious diseases
  • skin eruptions
  • sexually transmitted infections

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 600 KiB  
Article
Red-Laser Photodynamic Therapy with Toluidine Blue Gel as an Adjuvant to Topical Antifungal Treatments for Onychomycosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Prospective Case Series
by David Navarro-Pérez, Sara García-Oreja, Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso, Mateo López-Moral, José Luis Lázaro-Martínez and Aroa Tardáguila-García
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1588; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051588 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 597
Abstract
Background: Systemic therapy is frequently utilized because of its easy accessibility, low cost, and high efficacy. However, it can be linked with systemic adverse effects and drug–drug interactions, especially in immunocompromised and poly-medicated patients. Topical antifungals, associated with a low risk of [...] Read more.
Background: Systemic therapy is frequently utilized because of its easy accessibility, low cost, and high efficacy. However, it can be linked with systemic adverse effects and drug–drug interactions, especially in immunocompromised and poly-medicated patients. Topical antifungals, associated with a low risk of systemic adverse effects and drug–drug interactions, have emerged as the most suitable treatment option for patients with diabetic foot disease. However, the duration of topical treatment can extend up to 12 months. Consequently, there is a need to bolster these topical treatments with complementary therapies. Methods: The current study acquired approval from an ethics committee (code 24/241-E) and Clinical Trials (code NCT06485050). No patients were excluded, irrespective of comorbidities or the severity of onychomycosis. Patients included in the study were administered Ciclopirox 8% (consisting of ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, ketostearyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl chitosan, and purified water) once daily for 6 months. This was supplemented with photodynamic therapy (three sessions in the first 2 months) using toluidine blue gel and a 635 nm diode laser lasting 10 min, as well as monthly debridement of the nail plate. Results: All patients (10/10) included in the study exhibited negative microbiological culture results 6 months after the study began. Of these, 90% (9/10) were clinically cured, and thus, fully cured. No adverse effects or complications secondary to the treatments were observed in any of the cases. The average Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) value was initially 18.50 ± 8.947, reduced to 10.30 ± 6.129 at 3 months, and finally fell to 4.10 ± 4.08 at the end of the treatment. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated the clinical improvement, mycological cure, effectiveness, and safety of combination therapy of ciclopirox 8% and photodynamic therapy over 6 months. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases)
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12 pages, 6159 KiB  
Article
Tinea Capitis Induced by Barber Shaving: Isolation of Trichophyton tonsurans
by Giampaolo Addari, Marialuisa Corbeddu, Cristina Mugheddu, Mariangela Chessa, Grazia Vivanet, Caterina Ferreli and Laura Atzori
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(2), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020622 - 19 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 969
Abstract
Background/Objective: Tinea capitis is a common scalp fungal infection with significant implications for public health, particularly in regions where proper hygiene and access to healthcare are limited. Emerging evidence suggests that this disease, particularly in young male individuals, may be related to [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Tinea capitis is a common scalp fungal infection with significant implications for public health, particularly in regions where proper hygiene and access to healthcare are limited. Emerging evidence suggests that this disease, particularly in young male individuals, may be related to certain unsanitary practices in barbershop settings, such as the use of contaminated shaving equipment. To increase awareness of the risk of scalp dermatophyte infections by disclosing different cases of tinea capitis that had arisen shortly after hairdressing procedures and providing a comprehensive review of the existing literature. Patients and Methods: 10 cases of young, adult male patients developed tinea capitis after haircuts carried out at different local barbershops in Sardinia. A collection of data regarding age, sex, location of the disease, clinical manifestations as well as direct microscopy and cultural investigations were performed. Results: Clinical manifestations varied among patients, exhibiting both non-inflammatory and inflammatory features, cultural investigations were positive for Trichophyton tonsurans. Patients were treated with griseofulvin or terbinafine in combination with topical antimycotics. Two cases out of the ten patients developed scarring alopecia. Conclusions: Outbreaks of T. tonsurans-induced tinea capitis, linked to hairdressing, have been recorded in many different countries. Timely diagnosis and therapy are crucial, since any delay can result in disease dissemination and potential complications such as scarring alopecia, particularly in the inflammatory forms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases)
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Review

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17 pages, 1499 KiB  
Review
Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Warts: Insight from the Last Decade—A Narrative Review
by Clara Matei, Laura Sorina Diaconu and Mircea Tampa
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 2057; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062057 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 418
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of a wide spectrum of diseases, from benign lesions to neoplasms. In most cases, in the first few years after infection, viral clearance occurs; however, in some cases, the infection remains persistent, allowing the progression of [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological agent of a wide spectrum of diseases, from benign lesions to neoplasms. In most cases, in the first few years after infection, viral clearance occurs; however, in some cases, the infection remains persistent, allowing the progression of the lesions. The host immune response plays a key role in the resolution of the infection. The immune response to HPV is regulated by the dynamic interaction between numerous interleukins that exert pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. The role of interleukins in malignant lesions caused by HPV has been intensively studied, but in the case of benign lesions including warts, data are limited. This review compiles data from the last 10 years on the involvement of interleukins in the pathogenesis of warts, with the aim of providing new perspectives on this topic. Elucidating the role of interleukins will not only increase our knowledge of the pathogenesis of HPV infection but will also provide the foundation for the development of new therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases)
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14 pages, 1392 KiB  
Review
Comparative Efficacy of Different Pharmacological Treatments for Pityriasis Rosea: A Network Meta-Analysis
by Giulia Ciccarese, Antonio Facciorusso, Astrid Herzum, Cristian Fidanzi, Sebastiano Recalcati, Caterina Foti and Francesco Drago
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(22), 6666; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226666 - 6 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting exanthematous disease associated with the endogenous reactivation of human herpesviruses (HHV)-6 and HHV-7. Classically, the lesions gradually resolve, leaving no sequelae. Therefore, the best treatment is reassuring the patient and suggesting a resting period. However, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limiting exanthematous disease associated with the endogenous reactivation of human herpesviruses (HHV)-6 and HHV-7. Classically, the lesions gradually resolve, leaving no sequelae. Therefore, the best treatment is reassuring the patient and suggesting a resting period. However, atypical PR cases characterized by extensive, persistent lesions and systemic symptoms may impact the patient’s quality of life, and, therefore, a treatment can be prescribed. There is limited evidence on the comparative effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for PR; therefore, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare these interventions. Methods: Overall, 12 randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified. The outcomes were itch resolution and rash improvement. Results were expressed as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We also calculated the relative ranking of the interventions for achieving the aforementioned outcomes as their surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). Results: On network meta-analysis, only oral steroids and the combination of oral steroids+antihistamine resulted significantly superior to the placebo in terms of itch resolution (RR 0.44, CI 0.27–0.72 and RR 0.47, CI 0.22–0.99). Oral steroids resulted in the best treatment (SUCRA 0.90) for itch resolution. In terms of rash improvement, only acyclovir and erythromycin resulted significantly superior to placebo (RR 2.55, CI 1.81–3.58; and RR 1.69, CI 1.23–2.33), and acyclovir outperformed all the other tested interventions. Consequently, acyclovir ranked as the best intervention (SUCRA score 0.92). Conclusions: Acyclovir represents the best option for patients with PR that have extensive, persistent lesions or systemic symptoms. Steroids and antihistamines seemed the best treatment for itch resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Infectious Skin and Mucosal Diseases)
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