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Recent Clinical Advances in Cardiac Rehabilitation
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Recent Clinical Advances in Cardiac Rehabilitation

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 3063

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tomasz Rechciński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
Interests: cardiac rehabilitation; myocardial infarction; heart failure; atherosclerosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of new interventional, pharmacological, and biological methods of treating cardiovascular diseases has meant that, in recent decades, we have seen the extension of human life and the improvement of its quality during therapy. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation was first defined by the WHO in 1963; despite the passage of six decades since then, it still does not require redefinition—“it is the coordinated sum of the activities needed to influence favorably the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, as well as to provide the best possible physical, mental, and social conditions, so that the patients may, by their efforts, preserve or resume best functioning in their community and through improved health behavior, slow or reverse progression of the disease”.

Despite obtaining class I recommendations in the management of patients after acute coronary syndrome or after hospitalization due to heart failure, we still see insufficient use of this method of culminating in-hospital treatment.

In this Special Issue, we want to present the latest achievements in cardiac rehabilitation and create a platform for exchanging experiences between centers conducting this form of treatment. We invite cardiologists, internists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and all specialists involved in the rehabilitation process after the treatment of heart and vascular diseases to send their works, among which original works and review articles are welcome.

Dr. Tomasz Rechciński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiac rehabilitation
  • kinesiotherapy
  • psychological support
  • lifestyle modifications
  • myocardial infarction
  • heart failure

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2239 KiB  
Article
Cardiac Telerehabilitation After Acute Coronary Syndrome Ensures Similar Improvement in Exercise Capacity as Inpatient Rehabilitation, Regardless of the Age Profile of the Compared Groups
by Barbara Bralewska, Julia Wykrota, Małgorzata Kurpesa, Jarosław D. Kasprzak, Urszula Cieślik-Guerra, Ewa Wądołowska and Tomasz Rechciński
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3143; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093143 - 1 May 2025
Viewed by 643
Abstract
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was limited. On the other hand, during that period of epidemic restrictions, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) required careful control and monitoring after coronary events. The aim of this study was [...] Read more.
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was limited. On the other hand, during that period of epidemic restrictions, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) required careful control and monitoring after coronary events. The aim of this study was to assess whether CR conducted during the epidemic restrictions in a remote mode ensured similar improvement in physical performance as CR conducted in a centre-based mode before the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: In this one-centre study, we compared the demographic and clinical profiles of patients after ACS who completed inpatient CR before the COVID-19 era with those of patients who completed telerehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the workload on the initial and final exercise tests (ExT) obtained by patients and compared the values of the differences between the final and initial ExT. The study included 359 patients (pts) participating in inpatient CR before October 2020 (the suspension of centre-based CR) and 60 pts who took part in telerehabilitation after July 2021 (the introduction of the tele-CR programme). Both inpatient and tele-CR were performed according to the guidelines of the Working Group for Cardiac Rehabilitation of the National Cardiac Society. A telemedic platform was used to control ECG, blood pressure and body mass of the pts participating in telerehabilitation. Results: The improvement of physical performance did not differ significantly between the two groups. The pts who completed telerehabilitation were significantly older than those who completed inpatient CR. The values of other parameters, such as the percentage of females, BMI, the percentage of pts with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ significantly between the compared groups. Nor did the results of initial ExT expressed in METs, the results of final ExT and the improvement of workload understood as the difference between the final and initial results of ExT differ significantly—they were 7.7 ± 3.06 vs. 7.89 ± 2.98 with p = 0.82; 9.08 ± 0.29 vs. 8.98 ± 3.48 with p = 0.84, and 1 [0–2.2] vs. 1.2 [0–1.8] with p = 0.17, respectively. Conclusions: In our centre, telerehabilitation after acute coronary syndrome guaranteed an equally good improvement in physical capacity as that observed in inpatient CR patients, regardless of the difference in the age profile of the compared groups. These results encourage the popularization of telerehabilitation with remote monitoring of ECG, blood pressure and body mass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Clinical Advances in Cardiac Rehabilitation)
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18 pages, 1384 KiB  
Article
Randomized Trial: A Pilot Study Investigating the Effects of Transcendental Meditation and Yoga Through Retinal Microcirculation in Cardiac Rehabilitation
by Adam Saloň, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Bianca Steuber, Maximilian Elliot Rudlof, Till Olaf Bartel, Petra Mächler, Andreas Dorr, Rainer Picha, Per Morten Fredriksen, Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag and Nandu Goswami
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010232 - 3 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1369
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, and psychosocial stress is considered a contributing factor to these issues. With the rising number of heart surgeries, proper rehabilitation post-surgery is essential. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of yoga and transcendental [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, and psychosocial stress is considered a contributing factor to these issues. With the rising number of heart surgeries, proper rehabilitation post-surgery is essential. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of yoga and transcendental meditation on the cardiovascular system. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of yoga and transcendental meditation on retinal microcirculation in cardiac patients before (admission), after (discharge), and following (3 weeks after discharge) rehabilitation. Methods: This study examined changes in retinal microcirculation in three rehabilitation groups of patients after heart surgery. The control group received standard exercise therapy, while the meditation group incorporated 20 min of meditation, and the yoga group incorporated 20 min of yoga practice, twice per day for the duration of four weeks of rehabilitation. Retinal images were captured using a non-mydriatic digital retinal camera (Canon CR-2, Canon Medical Systems Europe B.V., Netherlands), and the microcirculation parameters central retinal artery equivalent, central retinal vein equivalent, and artery-to-vein ratio were analyzed using MONA REVA software ((version 2.1.1), VITO, Mol, Belgium). Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences between the three groups in the course of rehabilitation. Results: None of the parameters revealed significant differences in retinal microcirculation between the three rehabilitation groups. Conclusions: The study evaluating changes in retinal microcirculation, as an indicator of central circulation in cardiac patients undergoing rehabilitation, did not observe any significant changes. As yoga and meditation are underestimated approaches in cardiac rehabilitation, this pilot study acts as a basis for providing preliminary information for future studies to encourage the research community to fill the gap in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Clinical Advances in Cardiac Rehabilitation)
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Review

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25 pages, 2341 KiB  
Review
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Cardiac Rehabilitation: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Practice
by Angela Dziedzic, Klaudia Marek, Piotr Niebrzydowski, Dominika Szalewska, Patrycja Nowak and Elżbieta Miller
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3949; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113949 - 3 Jun 2025
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, underscoring the necessity of long-term secondary prevention strategies such as comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is a clinically validated, cost-effective intervention that mitigates cardiovascular risk, improves functional capacity, and enhances patient [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, underscoring the necessity of long-term secondary prevention strategies such as comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is a clinically validated, cost-effective intervention that mitigates cardiovascular risk, improves functional capacity, and enhances patient prognosis. Emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in mediating the systemic benefits of exercise-based CR, particularly through mechanisms involving mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. This review synthesizes molecular insights with clinical guidelines by evaluating four national CR guidelines—from Poland, France, the United States, and Portugal—alongside a comprehensive recommendation issued by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The analysis focused on key components of CR, including exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training) and prescription parameters such as frequency, intensity, and duration. Only guidelines fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria with complete and detailed data were included; documents lacking essential information were excluded from the final synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Clinical Advances in Cardiac Rehabilitation)
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