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Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology
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Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 28866

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Concetta Irace

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technology and Medical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: non-invasive diagnosis of preclinical atherosclerosis; hemorheology (blood and plasma viscosity, and hematocrit); haemodynamic (shear stress, circumferential wall tension, tensile stress); endothelial function; continuous glucose monitoring; telemedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonio Cutruzzolà

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: atherosclerosis; endothelial function; blood viscosity; carotid artery; diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Raffaele Napoli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: Atherosclerosis; diabetes; endothelial function; insulin resistance; coronary heart disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The special issue “Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology” focuses on the role of intrinsic characteristics of blood in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a very complex disease involving different pathways, and its clinical complications are among the major causes of death in the general population. Researches have provided evidence that blood flow characteristics as shear stress, tensile stress, oscillatory stress, and blood properties as hematocrit, blood viscosity, red cell aggregation and deformability, platelet aggregation, white blood cells activation associate with plaques development or endothelial dysfunction. Abnormalities in hemorheology and hemodynamics are associated with major cardiovascular risk factors and might be responsible for the residual cardiovascular risk even when appropriate pharmacological therapy is provided. The research in this specific field has a relevant impact on the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Original in-vivo, ex-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico investigations as well as concise review manuscripts from experts will be considered for publication.

Prof. Dr. Concetta Irace
Dr. Antonio Cutruzzolà
Prof. Dr. Raffaele Napoli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Hemorheology
  • Hemodynamic
  • Endothelial function
  • Blood viscosity
  • Hematocrite
  • Leukocyte
  • Platelet
  • Aggregation
  • Blood flow
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Thrombosis
  • Clinical evidences
  • Therapeutic implication
  • Cardiovascular risk factors
  • Cardiovascular disease

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

29 pages, 1917 KiB  
Review
Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology
by Stanislav Kotlyarov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111545 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5566
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease’s development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease’s development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology)
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10 pages, 765 KiB  
Review
Early Microvascular Dysfunction: Is the Vasa Vasorum a “Missing Link” in Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis
by Jeanette Owusu and Eugene Barrett
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(14), 7574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147574 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7338
Abstract
The arterial vasa vasorum is a specialized microvasculature that provides critical perfusion required for the health of the arterial wall, and is increasingly recognized to play a central role in atherogenesis. Cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) (including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and pre-diabetes) is [...] Read more.
The arterial vasa vasorum is a specialized microvasculature that provides critical perfusion required for the health of the arterial wall, and is increasingly recognized to play a central role in atherogenesis. Cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) (including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and pre-diabetes) is associated with insulin resistance, and characteristically injures the microvasculature in multiple tissues, (e.g., the eye, kidney, muscle, and heart). CMD also increases the risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Despite this, the impact of CMD on vasa vasorum structure and function has been little studied. Here we review emerging information on the early impact of CMD on the microvasculature in multiple tissues and consider the potential impact on atherosclerosis development and progression, if vasa vasorum is similarly affected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology)
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16 pages, 1979 KiB  
Review
Filamin A Regulates Cardiovascular Remodeling
by Sashidar Bandaru, Chandu Ala, Alex-Xianghua Zhou and Levent M. Akyürek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(12), 6555; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126555 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5922
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by [...] Read more.
Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by transporting multiple transcription factors into the nucleus. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FLNA participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in which the interaction of FLNA with transcription factors and/or cell signaling molecules dictate the function of vascular cells. Localized FLNA mutations associate with cardiovascular malformations in humans. A lack of FLNA in experimental animal models disrupts cell migration during embryogenesis and causes anomalies, including heart and vessels, similar to human malformations. More recently, it was shown that FLNA mediates the progression of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Thus, these latest findings identify FLNA as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular development and remodeling, and thus a potential target for therapy. In this update, we summarized the literature on filamin biology with regard to cardiovascular cell function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology)
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19 pages, 1987 KiB  
Review
Investigation of Wall Shear Stress in Cardiovascular Research and in Clinical Practice—From Bench to Bedside
by Katharina Urschel, Miyuki Tauchi, Stephan Achenbach and Barbara Dietel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115635 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 9217
Abstract
In the 1900s, researchers established animal models experimentally to induce atherosclerosis by feeding them with a cholesterol-rich diet. It is now accepted that high circulating cholesterol is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis; however, plaque localization cannot be explained solely by hyperlipidemia. [...] Read more.
In the 1900s, researchers established animal models experimentally to induce atherosclerosis by feeding them with a cholesterol-rich diet. It is now accepted that high circulating cholesterol is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis; however, plaque localization cannot be explained solely by hyperlipidemia. A tremendous amount of studies has demonstrated that hemodynamic forces modify endothelial athero-susceptibility phenotypes. Endothelial cells possess mechanosensors on the apical surface to detect a blood stream-induced force on the vessel wall, known as “wall shear stress (WSS)”, and induce cellular and molecular responses. Investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of this process are on-going: on the one hand, hemodynamics in complex vessel systems have been described in detail, owing to the recent progress in imaging and computational techniques. On the other hand, investigations using unique in vitro chamber systems with various flow applications have enhanced the understanding of WSS-induced changes in endothelial cell function and the involvement of the glycocalyx, the apical surface layer of endothelial cells, in this process. In the clinical setting, attempts have been made to measure WSS and/or glycocalyx degradation non-invasively, for the purpose of their diagnostic utilization. An increasing body of evidence shows that WSS, as well as serum glycocalyx components, can serve as a predicting factor for atherosclerosis development and, most importantly, for the rupture of plaques in patients with high risk of coronary heart disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atherosclerosis: Current Research of Hemodynamic and Hemorheology)
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