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Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases: 3rd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2025 | Viewed by 474

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kyriacos N. Felekkis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Non-Coding RNA Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
Interests: non-coding RNAs; miRNAs; biomarkers; personalized medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Christos Papaneophytou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
Interests: drug development; small-molecule inhibitors; miRNAs; antimicrobial compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Circulating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs, are a class of stable RNAs that do not encode proteins, which can be detected in body fluids, including blood and urine. Several ncRNAs regulate several cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. NcRNAs have been reported to contribute at various levels of disease pathogenesis, ranging from causative players to modifying factors. Inevitably, their role in human diseases has become apparent. Additionally, emphasis has been given to the role of these molecules as diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic biomarkers of human diseases. Despite the initial difficulties on that front, due to the high intra- and intervariability, many of these discoveries are currently reaching the clinic. In the era of personalized medicine, elucidating the multifaceted role of ncRNAs in human diseases is considered of utmost importance.

This Special Issue invites submissions of original papers and reviews that cover recent advances in the application of ncRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of human diseases and other related subjects.

Prof. Dr. Kyriacos N. Felekkis
Dr. Christos Papaneophytou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • miRNA
  • gene expression regulation
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • therapy
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2590 KiB  
Article
Circulating miR-10b-5p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-1-3p Are Deregulated in Patients with Heart Failure and Correlate with Hormonal Deficiencies
by Anna Maria Grimaldi, Roberta D’Assante, Francesco Fiore, Simone Marcella, Stefania Paolillo, Francesco Cacciatore, Valentina Mercurio, Eduardo Bossone, Antonio Cittadini, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti and Mariarosaria Incoronato
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115225 - 29 May 2025
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is among the most important causes of worldwide morbidity, hospitalisation, and mortality. A reduction in anabolic hormonal axes seems to potentially play an important role in chronic HF progression and prognosis. Several lines of evidence support the critical roles of [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) is among the most important causes of worldwide morbidity, hospitalisation, and mortality. A reduction in anabolic hormonal axes seems to potentially play an important role in chronic HF progression and prognosis. Several lines of evidence support the critical roles of miRNAs in the endocrine system, and differentially expressed miRNA patterns were found to be able to detect HF. To date, the ability of miRNAs to detect HF patients affected by hormonal deficiencies has yet to be addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the association between circulating miRNA profiles and multiple hormonal deficiencies in HF patients to provide new insights into HF pathophysiology. The study cohort included 129 subjects (94 HF patients and 35 controls). Circulating miRNAs assayed in plasma samples were miR-1-3p, miR-10b-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-193a-5p, miR-454-3p, miR-503-5p, miR-551b-3p, and miR-598-3p. NT-proBNP, IGF-1, fT3, DHEA-S, testosterone, HF subtypes, and NYHA class were also evaluated. A multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome (MHDS) was defined as the presence of ≥two hormone deficiencies. We found that miR-10b-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-1-3p could distinguish chronic HF patients from controls. The identified miRNAs were downregulated in HF patients, particularly those with NYHA I-II classifications and pathological values of NT-proBNP. In addition, these three circulating miRNAs correlated with each other, and their deregulation seems to be influenced by hormone deficiencies, especially in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Among the three miRNAs, miR-10b-5p was the best able to diagnose chronic HF-MHDS patients (AUC = 0.8). These results support the clinical utility of miR-10b-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-1-3p in detecting HF patients, especially those with hormone deficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases: 3rd Edition)
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22 pages, 2991 KiB  
Article
Deficits of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Architecture Correlate with Specific Exosomal mRNA Expression: Evidence of a Continuum?
by Ernesto Barceló, María I. Mosquera-Heredia, Oscar M. Vidal, Daniel A. Bolívar, Ricardo Allegri, Luis C. Morales, Carlos Silvera-Redondo, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Pilar Garavito-Galofre and Jorge I. Vélez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4897; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104897 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 207
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and complex molecular changes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, play a key role in intercellular communication and disease progression, transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. While altered exosomal mRNA profiles have emerged [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and complex molecular changes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, play a key role in intercellular communication and disease progression, transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. While altered exosomal mRNA profiles have emerged as potential biomarkers for AD, the relationship between mRNA expression and AD neuropsychological deficits remains unclear. Here, we investigated the correlation between exosomx10-derived mRNA signatures and neuropsychological performance in a cohort from Barranquilla, Colombia. Expression profiles of 16,585 mRNAs in 15 AD patients and 15 healthy controls were analysed using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and the Predictive Power Score (PPS). We identified significant correlations between specific mRNA signatures and key neuropsychological variables, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST), Boston Naming Test, and Rey–Osterrieth Figure test. These mRNAs were in key AD-associated genes (i.e., GABRB3 and CADM1), while other genes are novel (i.e., SHROOM3, SLC7A2, GJB4, and XBP1). PPS analyses further revealed predictive relationships between mRNA expression and neuropsychological variables, accounting for non-linear patterns and asymmetric associations. If replicated in more extensive and heterogeneous studies, these findings provide critical insights into the molecular basis governing the natural history of AD, potential personalized and non-invasive diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and potential targets for future therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circulating Non-Coding RNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Human Diseases: 3rd Edition)
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