The Role of Anti-SSB/La Antibodies as Predictors of Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) in Primary Sjögren Disease
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Results | ||
---|---|---|
Gender (number of patients, percentage) | Male | 4 (15.38%) |
Female | 22 (84.61%) | |
DLCO (number of patients, percentage) | Normal | 9 (34.61%) |
Abnormal | 17 (65.38%) | |
FVC (mean L, % predicted) | 3.08 (104%) | |
TLC (mean L, % predicted) | 4.71 (92%) | |
Mean age at enrolment (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 57.68 ± 11.77 | |
Mean age at onset of disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 51.38 ± 12.79 | |
Mean duration of the disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 7.04 ± 4.97 | |
Serology—positivity (number of patients, percentage) | ANA | 24 (92.30%) |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies | 22 (84.61%) | |
Anti-SSB/La antibodies | 14 (53.84%) | |
RF | 14 (53.84%) | |
Serology—titres (UI/mL, mean ± standard deviation) | Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies | 165.00 ± 90.75 |
Anti-SSB/La antibodies | 162.00 ± 49.46 | |
ANA | 248.70 ± 188.53 | |
NSIP radiologic pattern (number of patients, percentage) | 15 (57.69%) | |
UIP radiologic pattern (number of patients, percentage) | 5 (19.23%) | |
LIP radiologic pattern (number of patients, percentage) | 6 (23.07%) | |
Cryoglobulinemia (number of patients, percentage) | 3 (11.53%) | |
Hypergammaglobulinemia (number of patients, percentage) | 9 (34.61%) | |
Hypocomplementemia (number of patients, percentage) | 10 (38.46%) | |
Extraglandular involvement (except for ILD) (number of patients, percentage) | 24 (92.30%) | |
Hematologic involvement (number of patients, percentage) | 19 (73.07%) | |
Neurologic involvement (number of patients, percentage) | 9 (34.61%) | |
Renal involvement (number of patients, percentage) | 7 (26.92%) | |
Adenopathies (number of patients, percentage) | 3 (11.53%) |
Abnormal DLCO (17 Patients) | Normal DLCO (9 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female/male) | 14/3 | 8/1 | 0.58 (0.05–6.58) | 0.66 |
Mean age at enrolment (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 61.88 ± 9.02 | 49.98 ± 12.73 | - | 0.02 |
Mean age at onset of disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 55.24 ± 10.71 | 44.11 ± 13.82 | - | 0.03 |
Mean duration of the disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 7.00 ± 5.00 | 7.11 ± 5.23 | - | 0.95 |
TLC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.92 ± 0.12 | 1.08 ± 0.14 | - | 0.01 |
Abnormal TLC (yes/no) | 3/14 | 0/9 | 2.66 (0.25–27.48) | 0.40 |
FVC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.84 ± 0.28 | 0.94 ± 0.08 | - | 0.18 |
Abnormal FVC (yes/no) | 6/11 | 0/9 | 5.83 (0.61–55.74) | 0.12 |
ANA titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 367.00 (12.00–508.00) | 99.00 (5.00–509.00) | - | 0.10 |
ANA (positive/negative) | 17/0 | 7/2 | 6.75 (0.60–75.27) | 0.12 |
RF (positive/negative) | 10/7 | 4/5 | 1.78 (0.34–9.12) | 0.48 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody titres (UI/mL, mean ± standard deviation) | 105.93 ± 41.86 | 62.09 ± 51.06 | - | 0.02 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies (positive/negative) | 17/0 | 5/4 | 15.00 (1.44–155.31) | 0.02 |
Anti-SSB/La antibody titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 62.00 (1.21–162.00) | 2.66 (0.00–133.00) | - | 0.01 |
Anti-SSB/La antibodies (positive/negative) | 13/4 | 1/8 | 26.00 (2.45–275.88) | 0.001 |
Quadruple positivity (RF+ANA+anti-SSA antibodies+anti-SSB antibodies) (positive/negative) | 7/10 | 1/8 | 5.60 (0.56–55.42) | 0.11 |
Extraglandular involvement (yes/no) | 17/0 | 7/2 | 6.75 (0.60–75.27) | 0.12 |
Hematologic involvement (yes/no) | 12/5 | 7/2 | 0.68 (0.10–4.52) | 0.69 |
Adenopathies (yes/no) | 2/15 | 1/8 | 1.06 (0.08–13.65) | 0.96 |
Neurologic involvement (yes/no) | 7/10 | 2/7 | 2.45 (0.38–15.49) | 0.33 |
Renal involvement (yes/no) | 5/12 | 2/7 | 1.45 (0.22–9.61) | 0.69 |
Smoking (yes/no) | 2/15 | 1/8 | 1.06 (0.08–13.65) | 0.96 |
Hypergammaglobulinemia (yes/no) | 7/10 | 2/7 | 2.45 (0.38–15.49) | 0.33 |
Hypocomplementemia (yes/no) | 9/8 | 1/8 | 9.00 (0.91–88.57) | 0.05 |
C3 titre (g/L, mean ± standard deviation) | 1.01 ± 0.14 | 1.18 ± 0.33 | - | 0.17 |
C4 titre (g/L, median values, min–max) | 0.00 (0.00–0.23) | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | - | 0.26 |
Cryoglobulinemia (yes/no) | 2/15 | 0/9 | 1.87 (0.17–20.60) | 0.60 |
NSIP radiologic pattern (yes/no) | 9/8 | 6/3 | 0.56 (0.10–3.02) | 0.50 |
UIP radiologic pattern (yes/no) | 3/14 | 2/7 | 0.75 (0.10–5.57) | 0.77 |
LIP radiologic pattern (yes/no) | 5/12 | 1/8 | 3.33 (0.32–34.12) | 0.29 |
Normal/Abnormal DLCO Univariate Analysis p-Values | Normal/Abnormal DLCO Multivariate Analysis p-Values | |
---|---|---|
Age at enrolment | 0.02 | 0.000 |
Age at onset of disease | 0.03 | 0.017 |
Value of TLC | 0.01 | 1.00 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody positivity | 0.02 | 0.000 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody titres | 0.02 | 1.00 |
Anti-SSB/La antibody positivity | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Anti-SSB/Ro antibody titres | 0.01 | 0.99 |
Hypocomplementemia | 0.05 | 1.00 |
Area Under the Curve | p-Values | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody titres | 0.722 | 0.067 | 0.518 | 0.926 |
Anti-SSB/La antibody titres | 0.791 | 0.016 | 0.587 | 0.994 |
ANA titres | 0.699 | 0.100 | 0.470 | 0.929 |
With NSIP Radiological Pattern (15 Patients) | Without NSIP Radiological Pattern (11 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | With UIP Radiological Pattern (5 Patients) | Without UIP Radiological Pattern (21 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | With LIP Radiological Pattern (6 Patients) | Without LIP Radiological Pattern (20 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female/male) | 14/1 | 8/3 | 5.25 (0.46–59.25) | 0.15 | 3/2 | 19/2 | 0.15 (0.01–1.58) | 0.09 | 5/1 | 17/3 | 0.88 (0.07–10.46) | 0.92 |
Mean age at enrolment (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 55.93 ± 11.32 | 60.09 ± 12.48 | - | 0.38 | 58.60 ± 14.51 | 57.48 ± 11.43 | - | 0.85 | 61.33 ± 11.79 | 58.60 ± 11.84 | - | 0.39 |
Mean age at onset of disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 50.07 ± 11.69 | 53.18 ± 14.55 | - | 0.55 | 50.60 ± 15.63 | 51.67 ± 12.47 | - | 0.88 | 55.33 ± 14.59 | 50.20 ± 12.34 | - | 0.40 |
Mean duration of the disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 6.60 ± 4.45 | 7.64 ± 5.78 | - | 0.61 | 8.40 ± 5.22 | 5.71 ± 4.99 | - | 0.50 | 7.00 ± 6.63 | 7.00 ± 4.58 | - | 0.98 |
DLCO (percentage, mean ± standard deviation) | 75.40 ± 18.40 | 79.27 ± 25.95 | - | 0.65 | 85.60 ± 36.03 | 75.00 ± 17.20 | - | 0.33 | 74.00 ± 15.32 | 77.95 ± 23.31 | - | 0.70 |
TLC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.97 ± 0.16 | 0.99 ± 0.12 | - | 0.70 | 3/2 | 14/7 | 0.75 (0.10–5.57) | 0.77 | 5/1 | 12/8 | 3.33 (0.32–34.12) | 0.29 |
Abnormal TLC (yes/no) | 2/13 | 1/10 | 1.53 (0.12–19.47) | 0.73 | 1.06 ± 0.13 | 0.96 ± 0.15 | - | 0.19 | 0.93 ± 0.10 | 0.99 ± 0.16 | - | 0.45 |
FVC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.88 ± 0.18 | 0.87 ± 0.30 | - | 0.85 | 0/5 | 3/18 | 0.79 (0.07–8.51) | 0.84 | 1/5 | 2/18 | 1.80 (0.13–24.16) | 0.65 |
Abnormal FVC (yes/no) | 3/12 | 3/8 | 0.66 (0.10–4.17) | 0.66 | 0.80 ± 0.45 | 0.89 ± 0.17 | - | 0.45 | 0.92 ± 0.13 | 0.86 ± 0.26 | - | 0.63 |
ANA titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 253.39 ± 176.34 | 242.30 ± 212.71 | - | 0.88 | 2/3 | 4/17 | 2.83 (0.34–23.01) | 0.31 | 1/5 | 5/15 | 0.60 (0.05–6.44) | 0.67 |
ANA (positive/negative) | 14/1 | 10/1 | 1.40 (0.07–25.14) | 0.81 | 204.81 ± 203.69 | 259.51 ± 188.51 | - | 0.57 | 273.54 ± 233.93 | 241.25 ± 179.20 | - | 0.72 |
RF (positive/negative) | 8/7 | 6/5 | 0.95 (0.20–4.53) | 0.95 | 5/0 | 19/2 | 0.90 (0.07–10.32) | 0.93 | 5/1 | 19/1 | 0.26 (0.01–4.98) | 0.34 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody titres (UI/mL, mean ± standard deviation) | 93.64 ± 50.45 | 81.81 ± 49.27 | - | 0.73 | 2/3 | 12/19 | 0.5 (0.06–3.64) | 0.49 | 4/2 | 10/10 | 2.00 (0.29–13.51) | 0.47 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies (positive/negative) | 12/3 | 10/1 | 0.40 (0.03–4.47) | 0.44 | 75.70 ± 42.03 | 94.34 ± 50.86 | - | 0.45 | 96.08 ± 56.70 | 88.15 ± 48.07 | - | 0.76 |
Anti-SSB/La antibody titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 50.00 (1.21–162.00) | 7.00 (0.00–133.00) | - | 0.54 | 5/0 | 17/4 | 1.66 (0.16–17.25) | 0.66 | 5/1 | 17/3 | 0.88 (0.07–10.46) | 0.92 |
Anti-SSB/La antibodies (positive/negative) | 8/7 | 6/5 | 0.95 (0.20–4.53) | 0.95 | 2.60 (0.00–63.00) | 50.00 (1.08–162.00) | - | 0.07 | 78.50 (1.08–133.00) | 14.50 (0.00–162.00) | - | 0.36 |
Quadruple positivity (RF+ANA+anti-SSA antibodies+anti-SSB antibodies) (positive/negative) | 4/11 | 4/7 | 0.63 (0.11–3.41) | 0.59 | 1/4 | 13/8 | 0.15 (0.01–1.63) | 0.09 | 5/1 | 9/11 | 6.11 (0.60–62.23) | 0.09 |
Extraglandular involvement (yes/no) | 14/1 | 10/1 | 1.40 (0.07–25.14) | 0.81 | 0/5 | 8/13 | 0.25 (0.02–2.52) | 0.24 | 4/2 | 4/16 | 8.00 (1.06–60.32) | 0.03 |
Hematologic involvement (yes/no) | 11/4 | 8/3 | 1.03 (0.17–5.94) | 0.97 | 4/1 | 20/1 | 0.20 (0.01–3.90) | 0.25 | 6/0 | 18/2 | 1.10 (0.09–12.47) | 0.93 |
Adenopathies (yes/no) | 2/13 | 1/10 | 1.53 (0.12–19.47) | 0.73 | 3/2 | 16/5 | 0.46 (0.06–3.64) | 0.46 | 5/1 | 14/6 | 2.14 (0.20–22.47) | 0.51 |
Neurologic involvement (yes/no) | 5/10 | 4/7 | 0.87 (0.17–4.47) | 0.87 | 1/4 | 2/19 | 2.37 (0.17–32.99) | 0.51 | 0/6 | 3/17 | 0.64 (0.06–6.80) | 0.71 |
Renal involvement (yes/no) | 7/8 | 0/11 | 10.66 (1.12–101.34) | 0.03 | 2/3 | 7/14 | 1.33 (0.17–9.91) | 0.77 | 2/4 | 7/13 | 0.92 (0.13–6.39) | 0.94 |
Smoking (yes/no) | 2/13 | 1/10 | 1.53 (0.12–19.47) | 0.73 | 0/5 | 7/14 | 0.31 (0.08–3.06) | 0.31 | 0/6 | 7/13 | 0.25 (0.02–2.41) | 0.23 |
Hypergammaglobulinemia (yes/no) | 4/11 | 5/6 | 0.43 (0.08–2.26) | 0.32 | 1/4 | 2/19 | 2.37 (0.17–32.99) | 0.51 | 0/6 | 3/17 | 0.64 (0.06–6.80) | 0.71 |
Hypocomplementemia (yes/no) | 6/9 | 4/7 | 1.16 (0.23–5.80) | 0.85 | 2/3 | 7/14 | 1.33 (0.17–9.91) | 0.77 | 3/3 | 6/14 | 2.33 (0.36–15.05) | 0.36 |
C3 titre (g/L, mean ± standard deviation) | 1.10 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.14 | - | 0.39 | 0/5 | 10/11 | 0.18 (0.01–1.75) | 0.14 | 4/2 | 6/14 | 4.66 (0.66–32.74) | 0.10 |
C4 titre (g/L, median values, min–max) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 0.00 (0.00–0.34) | - | 0.64 | 1.03 ± 0.07 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | - | 0.66 | 1.02 ± 0.19 | 1.08 ± 0.24 | - | 0.50 |
Cryoglobulinemia (yes/no) | 1/14 | 1/10 | 0.71 (0.04–12.82) | 0.81 | 0.00 (0.00–0.34) | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | - | 0.70 | 0.00 (0.00–0.30) | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | - | 0.88 |
With LIP Radiological Pattern (5 Patients) | Without LIP Radiological Pattern (12 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | With UIP Radiological Pattern (3 Patients) | Without UIP Radiological Pattern (14 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | With NSIP Radiological Pattern (9 Patients) | Without NSIP Radiological Pattern (8 Patients) | OR (95% CI) | p-Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female/male) | 4/1 | 10/2 | 0.80 (0.05–11.50) | 0.87 | 2/1 | 12/2 | 0.33 (0.02–5.64) | 0.43 | 8/1 | 6/2 | 2.66 (0.19–36.75) | 0.45 |
Mean age at enrolment (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 62.20 ± 12.96 | 61.75 ± 7.56 | - | 0.92 | 69.00 ± 2.64 | 60.36 ± 9.22 | - | 0.01 | 59.33 ± 7.12 | 64.75 ± 10.51 | - | 0.22 |
Mean age at onset of disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 55.40 ± 16.42 | 55.17 ± 8.29 | - | 0.96 | 60.33 ± 11.54 | 54.14 ± 10.65 | - | 0.38 | 53.44 ± 6.93 | 57.25 ± 14.09 | - | 0.48 |
Mean duration of the disease (years, mean ± standard deviation) | 8.00 ± 6.89 | 6.58 ± 4.29 | - | 0.61 | 5.33 ± 3.21 | 7.36 ± 5.32 | - | 0.42 | 7.00 ± 4.69 | 7.00 ± 5.65 | - | 1.00 |
TLC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 0.92 ± 0.13 | - | 0.98 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.90 ± 0.13 | - | 0.02 | 0.90 ± 0.15 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | - | 0.41 |
Abnormal TLC (yes/no) | 1/4 | 2/10 | 1.25 (0.08–17.97) | 0.87 | 0/3 | 3/11 | 0.75 (0.06–8.83) | 0.81 | 2/7 | 1/7 | 2.00 (0.14–27.44) | 0.60 |
FVC (%, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.32 | - | 0.39 | 0.66 ± 0.57 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | - | 0.24 | 0.85 ± 0.23 | 0.83 ± 0.35 | - | 0.91 |
Abnormal FVC (yes/no) | 1/4 | 5/7 | 0.35 (0.02–4.15) | 0.39 | 2/1 | 4/10 | 5.00 (0.34–71.90) | 0.21 | 3/6 | 3/5 | 0.83 (0.11–6.11) | 0.85 |
DLCO (percentage, mean ± standard deviation) | 69.80 ± 12.69 | 62.67 ± 10.99 | - | 0.26 | 69.80 ± 12.69 | 62.67 ± 10.99 | - | 0.26 | 63.33 ± 11.55 | 66.38 ± 12.22 | - | 0.60 |
ANA titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 325.08 ± 220.19 | 283.65 ± 173.16 | - | 0.68 | 125.00 (12.00–446.00) | 404.69 (35.00–508.00) | - | 0.19 | 313.42 ± 156.74 | 276.05 ± 216.25 | - | 0.68 |
RF (positive/negative) | 4/1 | 6/6 | 4.00 (0.34–47.11) | 0.25 | 1/2 | 9/5 | 0.27 (0.02–3.88) | 0.32 | 5/4 | 5/3 | 0.75 (0.10–5.29) | 0.77 |
Anti-SSA/Ro antibody titres (UI/mL, mean ± standard deviation) | 115.06 ± 36.31 | 102.12 ± 44.90 | - | 0.54 | 63.00 ± 54.02 | 115.13 ± 34.52 | - | 0.04 | 115.17 ± 36.74 | 95.53 ± 48.09 | - | 0.36 |
Anti-SSB/La antibody titres (UI/mL, median values, min–max) | 84.32 ± 56.78 | 56.85 ± 48.61 | - | 0.33 | 6.00 (2.00–63.00) | 67.39 (1.21–162.00) | - | 0.15 | 67.92 ± 49.07 | 61.57 ± 57.38 | - | 0.80 |
Anti-SSB/La antibodies (positive/negative) | 5/0 | 8/4 | 3.33 (0.30–36.11) | 0.32 | 1/2 | 12/2 | 0.08 (0.00–1.41) | 0.05 | 7/2 | 6/2 | 1.16 (0.12–10.99) | 0.89 |
Quadruple positivity (RF+ANA+anti-SSA antibodies+anti-SSB antibodies) (positive/negative) | 4/1 | 3/9 | 12.00 (0.93–153.88) | 0.03 | 0/3 | 7/7 | 0.25 (0.02–2.75) | 0.25 | 3/6 | 4/4 | 0.50 (0.07–3.55) | 0.48 |
Hematologic involvement (yes/no) | 4/1 | 8/4 | 2.00 (0.16–24.32) | 1.00 | 2/1 | 10/4 | 0.80 (0.05–11.50) | 0.87 | 6/3 | 6/2 | 0.66 (0.08–5.53) | 0.70 |
Adenopathies (yes/no) | 0/5 | 2/10 | 0.61 (0.05–7.24) | 0.69 | 0/3 | 2/12 | 1.08 (0.08–13.53) | 1.08 | 2/7 | 0/8 | 3.87 (0.28–39.30) | 0.33 |
Neurologic involvement (yes/no) | 2/3 | 5/7 | 0.93 (0.11–7.82) | 0.94 | 2/1 | 5/9 | 3.6 (0.25–50.33) | 0.32 | 3/6 | 4/4 | 0.50 (0.07–3.55) | 0.48 |
Renal involvement (yes/no) | 0/5 | 5/7 | 0.22 (0.02–2.36) | 0.21 | 0/3 | 5/9 | 0.41 (0.03–4.65) | 0.47 | 5/4 | 0/8 | 10.8 (0.99–117.00) | 0.05 |
Smoking (yes/no) | 0/5 | 2/10 | 0.61 (0.05–7.24) | 0.69 | 1/2 | 1/13 | 6.50 (0.28–151.12) | 0.20 | 1/8 | 1/7 | 0.87 (0.04–16.74) | 0.92 |
Hypergammaglobulinemia (yes/no) | 3/2 | 4/8 | 3.00 (0.34–25.87) | 0.35 | 2/1 | 5/9 | 3.60 (0.25–50.33) | 0.32 | 2/7 | 5/3 | 0.17 (0.02–1.43) | 0.09 |
Hypocomplementemia (yes/no) | 4/1 | 5/7 | 5.60 (0.47–66.44) | 0.14 | 0/3 | 9/5 | 0.15 (0.01–1.67) | 0.12 | 5/4 | 4/4 | 1.25 (0.48–8.44) | 0.81 |
C3 titre (g/L, mean ± standard deviation) | 0.95 ± 0.10 | 1.04 ± 0.15 | - | 0.27 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.01 ± 0.16 | - | 0.84 | 1.05 ± 0.18 | 0.97 ± 0.08 | - | 0.25 |
C4 titre (g/L, median values, min–max) | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 0.00 (0.00–0.23) | - | 0.57 | 0.00 (0.00–0.23) | - | 0.36 | 0.00 (0.00–0.01) | 0.00 (0.00–0.23) | - | 0.20 | |
Cryoglobulinemia (yes/no) | 1/4 | 1/11 | 2.75 (0.13–55.16) | 0.49 | 0/3 | 2/12 | 1.08 (0.08–13.53) | 0.95 | 1/8 | 1/7 | 0.87 (0.04–16.74) | 0.92 |
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Caraiola, S.; Voicu, L.; Opriș-Belinski, D.; Cobilinschi, C.O.; Pârvu, M.I.; Ion, I.A.; Gologanu, D.Ș.; Ionescu, R.A. The Role of Anti-SSB/La Antibodies as Predictors of Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) in Primary Sjögren Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 5867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125867
Caraiola S, Voicu L, Opriș-Belinski D, Cobilinschi CO, Pârvu MI, Ion IA, Gologanu DȘ, Ionescu RA. The Role of Anti-SSB/La Antibodies as Predictors of Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) in Primary Sjögren Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(12):5867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125867
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaraiola, Simona, Laura Voicu, Daniela Opriș-Belinski, Claudia Oana Cobilinschi, Magda Ileana Pârvu, Ion Andrei Ion, Daniela Ștefana Gologanu, and Răzvan Adrian Ionescu. 2025. "The Role of Anti-SSB/La Antibodies as Predictors of Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) in Primary Sjögren Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 12: 5867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125867
APA StyleCaraiola, S., Voicu, L., Opriș-Belinski, D., Cobilinschi, C. O., Pârvu, M. I., Ion, I. A., Gologanu, D. Ș., & Ionescu, R. A. (2025). The Role of Anti-SSB/La Antibodies as Predictors of Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) in Primary Sjögren Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(12), 5867. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125867