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Host–Microorganism Interaction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 807

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
Interests: molecular microbiology; human microbiota and dysbiosis (gut; oral; and nasopharyngeal); host-microorganism interactions; metagenomics and gene expression analysis (TLR2; TLR4; IL-6); antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation; role of microbiota in allergic and metabolic diseases (asthma; diabetes); molecular diagnostics (real-time PCR; MALDI-TOF MS); microbial impact on chronic wound infections and cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intricate relationship between the host and its resident microbial communities has emerged as a fundamental determinant of human health and disease. Recent advancements in molecular microbiology and metagenomics have shifted our understanding from simple commensalism to a complex, bidirectional crosstalk that governs immune homeostasis, metabolic regulation, and even neurological functions. As we move deeper into the era of personalized medicine, deciphering these interactions at the molecular and cellular levels remains a critical challenge and a significant opportunity for therapeutic innovation.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of IJMS, titled "Host–Microorganism Interaction." This issue is dedicated to exploring the mechanisms by which microbial diversity and its metabolic byproducts influence host physiological processes. Given the journal’s focus on molecular biology, this Special Issue provides a perfect platform for studies that bridge the gap between clinical observations and molecular insights. 

This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge research that elucidates the molecular pathways of microbial influence on the host. We are particularly interested in studies that investigate how dysbiosis contributes to chronic conditions and how specific microbial signatures can be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Molecular mechanisms of host–microbe symbiotic and pathogenic interactions.
  • The role of gut, oral, and skin microbiota in immune modulation and inflammatory responses.
  • Impact of microbial metabolites on host metabolic pathways and gene expression (e.g., TLRs and cytokines).
  • Metagenomic and transcriptomic profiling of dysbiosis in allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases.
  • Influence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fermented products on host health at the molecular level.
  • Microbial biofilm formation and its role in chronic infections and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Interactions between microbiomes and non-communicable diseases, including cancers and neurological disorders.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions and working together to advance our understanding of this fascinating field.

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Demirci
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • host–microbe interaction
  • gut microbiota
  • molecular pathogenesis
  • metagenomics
  • immune modulation
  • microbial dysbiosis
  • gene expression
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • metabolic diseases
  • biofilm formation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

26 pages, 3691 KB  
Review
The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence
by Hossein Mardnaybin, Mehmet Demirci and Hayriye Kirkoyun Uysal
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(11), 4830; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27114830 - 27 May 2026
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Abstract
The human gut microbiome is essential for immune regulation and mucosal homeostasis, functions that are profoundly disrupted during HIV infection. Early viral replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) triggers a self-reinforcing cycle of CD4+ T-cell depletion, epithelial barrier breakdown, and increased [...] Read more.
The human gut microbiome is essential for immune regulation and mucosal homeostasis, functions that are profoundly disrupted during HIV infection. Early viral replication in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) triggers a self-reinforcing cycle of CD4+ T-cell depletion, epithelial barrier breakdown, and increased microbial translocation. This persistent immune activation continues even under effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). A growing body of evidence indicates that HIV infection is consistently associated with alterations in gut microbial communities. This dysbiosis is typically characterized by fewer beneficial butyrate-producing commensal bacteria and an enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbial taxa. It also involves disturbances in key microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan catabolites. Such changes not only exacerbate systemic inflammation but may also contribute to incomplete immune reconstitution and the persistence of latent viral reservoirs despite long-term ART. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of microbiome–HIV interactions, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis contributes to immune dysfunction and viral persistence. We discuss recent advances in multi-omics technologies, as well as experimental systems such as gnotobiotic and humanized mouse models and intestinal organoid platforms that are helping to elucidate these complex interactions. Furthermore, we evaluate emerging microbiome-targeted interventions—including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineered bacterial therapeutics—and consider their potential role as adjunctive strategies in HIV treatment and cure research. By integrating microbiological, immunological, and clinical perspectives, this review highlights key knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions aimed at harnessing the gut microbiome as a novel therapeutic avenue in HIV management and eradication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host–Microorganism Interaction)
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