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Plant Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defence against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses: 3rd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 6933

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Federico Brilli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
Interests: understanding the ecological and physiological role of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in plant-plant, plant-microbes and plant-insect interactions; application of plants VOC for sustainable improvement of plant defense
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As sessile organisms, plants are continuously exposed to stressful conditions that can hamper processes of ‘primary’ carbon metabolism, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Therefore, plants have evolved multiple biosynthetic pathways that can produce a plethora of ‘secondary’ metabolites (e.g., volatile organic compounds, anthocyanins, carotenoids) with key physiological and ecological roles. Plant secondary metabolites can act as antioxidants and directly defend plants by quenching and modulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or they can indirectly induce physiological mechanisms to enhance tolerance/resistance to stresses. Moreover, secondary metabolites can modify insect behavior and plant-associated microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), further orchestrating the interaction between plants and the surrounding environment.

Leading by Dr. Federico Brilli and assisting by our Topical Advisory Panel Members Dr. Lénia Rodrigues (University of Évora), this Special Issue will collect research results focusing on different aspects of plant secondary metabolites, from their biosynthesis in both the above- and belowground plant parts to their involvement in signaling, immunization, priming, and cross-tolerance against (abiotic and biotic) stresses. Special consideration will be given to works exploring the possibility of making use of plant secondary metabolites to develop practical applications for sustainable plant defense in the field.

Dr. Federico Brilli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • abiotic and biotic stress
  • sustainable plant defense
  • volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
  • antioxidants
  • priming
  • signaling
  • tolerance/resistance

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4517 KiB  
Article
Rhamnolipid-Enriched PA3 Fraction from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 Primes Chili Plant Defense Against Anthracnose
by Natthida Sudyoung, Siritron Samosorn, Kulvadee Dolsophon, Kwannan Nantavisai, Onanong Pringsulaka, Supaart Sirikantaramas, Akira Oikawa and Siriruk Sarawaneeyaruk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12593; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312593 - 23 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1124
Abstract
Chili anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, causes significant yield loss in chili production. In this study, we investigated the elicitor properties of a rhamnolipid (RL)-enriched PA3 fraction derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 in inducing systemic resistance in yellow chili seedlings and antifungal [...] Read more.
Chili anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, causes significant yield loss in chili production. In this study, we investigated the elicitor properties of a rhamnolipid (RL)-enriched PA3 fraction derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 in inducing systemic resistance in yellow chili seedlings and antifungal activity against C. truncatum CFPL01 (Col). Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract yielded 12 fractions, with PA3 demonstrating the most effective disease suppression, reducing the disease severity index to 4 ± 7.35% at 7 days post-inoculation compared with Col inoculation alone (83 ± 23.57%). PA3 also exhibited direct antifungal activity, inhibiting Col mycelial growth by 41 ± 0.96% at 200 µg/mL. Subfractionation revealed PA3 as a mixture of mono- and di-RLs, confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. Additionally, PA3 enhanced seed germination and promoted plant growth without causing phytotoxicity. Transcriptomics revealed that PA3 pre-treatment prior to Col infection primed the defense response, upregulating defense-related genes involved in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways, as well as those associated with cell wall reinforcement. Our findings highlight the potential of RL-enriched PA3 as both an antifungal agent and a plant defense elicitor, with transcriptome data providing new insights into defense priming and resistance pathways in chili, offering an eco-friendly solution for sustainable anthracnose management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defence against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses: 3rd Edition)
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19 pages, 3861 KiB  
Article
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Key Role of Flavonoids in the Cold Tolerance of Chrysanthemum
by Di Wu, Yingxue Wu, Ruiqi Gao, Yanhong Zhang, Ruiying Zheng, Minghui Fang, Yuhua Li, Yang Zhang, Le Guan and Yanqiang Gao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7589; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147589 - 10 Jul 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1561
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium, ground-cover Chrysanthemums), one of the important garden flowers, has a high ornamental and economic value. However, its ornamental value is significantly diminished by the low temperature experienced in northeastern China. Here, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed on three [...] Read more.
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium, ground-cover Chrysanthemums), one of the important garden flowers, has a high ornamental and economic value. However, its ornamental value is significantly diminished by the low temperature experienced in northeastern China. Here, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed on three Chrysanthemum cultivars before and after a low temperature to investigate the dynamic metabolite changes and the molecular regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that 1324 annotated metabolites were detected, among which 327 were identified as flavonoids derived from Chrysanthemum. The accumulation of metabolites and gene expression related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway significantly increased in the three cultivars under the low temperature, indicating flavonoid metabolism actively participates in the Chrysanthemum cold response. Specifically, the content of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes significantly increases in XHBF, providing a reasonable explanation for the change in petal color from white to purple under the low temperature. Six candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in the glycosylation of flavonoids were identified through correlation networks and phylogenetic analysis. CmNAC1, CmbZIP3, and other transcription factors potentially regulating flavonoid metabolism and responding to low temperatures were discovered by correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In conclusion, this study elucidated the specific response of flavonoids to low temperatures in Chrysanthemums, providing valuable insights and metabolic data for investigating cold tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defence against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses: 3rd Edition)
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23 pages, 4230 KiB  
Article
Deoxyxylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase Does Not Play a Major Role in Regulating the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Poplar
by Diego González-Cabanelas, Erica Perreca, Johann M. Rohwer, Axel Schmidt, Tobias Engl, Bettina Raguschke, Jonathan Gershenzon and Louwrance P. Wright
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084181 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1519
Abstract
The plastidic 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies the precursors of a large variety of essential plant isoprenoids, but its regulation is still not well understood. Using metabolic control analysis (MCA), we examined the first enzyme of this pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), in [...] Read more.
The plastidic 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies the precursors of a large variety of essential plant isoprenoids, but its regulation is still not well understood. Using metabolic control analysis (MCA), we examined the first enzyme of this pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), in multiple grey poplar (Populus × canescens) lines modified in their DXS activity. Single leaves were dynamically labeled with 13CO2 in an illuminated, climate-controlled gas exchange cuvette coupled to a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, and the carbon flux through the MEP pathway was calculated. Carbon was rapidly assimilated into MEP pathway intermediates and labeled both the isoprene released and the IDP+DMADP pool by up to 90%. DXS activity was increased by 25% in lines overexpressing the DXS gene and reduced by 50% in RNA interference lines, while the carbon flux in the MEP pathway was 25–35% greater in overexpressing lines and unchanged in RNA interference lines. Isoprene emission was also not altered in these different genetic backgrounds. By correlating absolute flux to DXS activity under different conditions of light and temperature, the flux control coefficient was found to be low. Among isoprenoid end products, isoprene itself was unchanged in DXS transgenic lines, but the levels of the chlorophylls and most carotenoids measured were 20–30% less in RNA interference lines than in overexpression lines. Our data thus demonstrate that DXS in the isoprene-emitting grey poplar plays only a minor part in controlling flux through the MEP pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defence against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses: 3rd Edition)
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16 pages, 3654 KiB  
Article
Non-Mature miRNA-Encoded Micropeptide miPEP166c Stimulates Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Grape Berry Cells
by Mariana Vale, Hélder Badim, Hernâni Gerós and Artur Conde
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031539 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways exhibit intricate regulation, not only influenced by environmental factors and a complex network of transcription factors but also by post-transcriptional regulation, such as silencing by microRNAs and miRNA-encoded micropeptides (miPEPs). VviMYBC2-L1 serves as a transcriptional repressor for flavonoids, [...] Read more.
The phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways exhibit intricate regulation, not only influenced by environmental factors and a complex network of transcription factors but also by post-transcriptional regulation, such as silencing by microRNAs and miRNA-encoded micropeptides (miPEPs). VviMYBC2-L1 serves as a transcriptional repressor for flavonoids, playing a crucial role in coordinating the synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. It works in tandem with their respective transcriptional activators, VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1, to maintain an equilibrium of flavonoids. We have discovered a miPEP encoded by miR166c that appears to target VviMYBC2-L1. We conducted experiments to test the hypothesis that silencing this transcriptional repressor through miPEP166c would stimulate the synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Our transcriptional analyses by qPCR revealed that the application of exogenous miPEP166c to Gamay Fréaux grape berry cells resulted in a significant upregulation in flavonoid transcriptional activators (VviMYBA1/2 and VviMYBPA1) and structural flavonoid genes (VviLDOX and VviDFR), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of proanthocyanidins (VviLAR1 and VviANR) and anthocyanins (VviUFGT1). These findings were supported by the increased enzyme activities of the key enzymes UFGT, LAR, and ANR, which were 2-fold, 14-fold, and 3-fold higher, respectively, in the miPEP166c-treated cells. Ultimately, these changes led to an elevated total content of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Secondary Metabolites in Plant Defence against Abiotic and Biotic Stresses: 3rd Edition)
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