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Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Stress-Induced Human Diseases

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Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Interests: cancer biology; endocrinology; molecular biology; genetics; cellular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to explore the intricate molecular pathways underlying human diseases triggered by environmental stressors. Environmental factors such as pollution, climate change, and lifestyle choices are having an increasingly large impact on human health, contributing to a spectrum of diseases from metabolic disorders to cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these diseases is crucial for developing targeted therapies and interventions. Articles published in this Special Issue will delve into the complex interactions between environmental stressors and biological systems at the molecular level, offering insights that pave the way for future advancements in disease prevention and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Silvia Cantara
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • environmental stress
  • oxidative stress
  • inflammation
  • epigenetic modifications
  • DNA damage and repair
  • cellular signaling pathways
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • autophagy
  • air pollution
  • heavy metal toxicity
  • endocrine disruptors
  • climate change and health
  • neurodegeneration
  • cancer biology
  • immune system dysregulation
  • gene–environment interactions
  • biomarkers of exposure and disease
  • systems biology
  • translational research

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

27 pages, 1879 KB  
Review
Environmental Mechanisms Influencing the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes
by Yuntao Tang, Weizhou Wang, Zhengsha Huang, Chenxi Zhang, Jia Zhang, Yafang Pang and Shangze Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11613; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311613 - 30 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. While genetic predisposition establishes susceptibility, environmental factors play a pivotal role in triggering and modulating the autoimmune process. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence from [...] Read more.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. While genetic predisposition establishes susceptibility, environmental factors play a pivotal role in triggering and modulating the autoimmune process. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental exposures influence the pathogenesis and progression of T1D. We discuss how persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, air pollutants, viral infections, and gut microbiome alterations contribute to β-cell dysfunction, loss of immune tolerance, and enhanced autoimmunity. Our analysis reveals that these environmental triggers act through multiple interconnected pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, innate immune activation, and gut barrier disruption. Understanding these mechanisms provides critical insights for developing preventive strategies and targeted interventions to mitigate environmental risks. These findings underscore the importance of addressing environmental exposures as modifiable risk factors, offering a potential framework for early interventions aimed at preventing or slowing T1D progression in at-risk populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Stress-Induced Human Diseases)
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