Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.8
5.6
Journals
IJMS
Special Issues
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020
ijms-logo
Submit to IJMS Review for IJMS Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 11806

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Juan M. Tomás

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: genomics and proteomics; chemical structure; host interaction; health applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our 2017 Special Issue, "Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)" and 2018 Special Issue "Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2018".

In Gram-negative bacteria, three layers surround the cytoplasm: An inner membrane, a layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane. The outer membrane is an asymmetric lipidic bilayer, with phospholipids on its inner surface, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on the outside, this being the major component of the outer leaflet, covering approximately nearly three quarters of the total outer cell surface.
All LPSs possess the same general chemical architecture, independently of the bacterial activity (pathogenic, symbiotic, commensal), ecological niches (human, animal, soil, plant, water), or growth conditions. Endotoxins are large amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophilic polysaccharide part, and a covalently bound hydrophobic and highly conserved lipid component, termed lipid A (the endotoxin subunit). The polysaccharide part can be divided into two sub-domains: The internal and conserved, the core region, and one more external and highly variable, the O-specific chain, also named O-antigen for its immunogenic properties. LPSs are endotoxins, one of the most potent classes of activators of the mammalian immune system; they can be released from cell surfaces of bacteria during their multiplication, lysis, and death. LPS can acts through its biological center (lipid A component) on various cell types, of which macrophages and monocytes are the most important.

Prof. Dr. Juan M. Tomás
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosynthesis
  • assembly
  • chemical structure
  • biological significance
  • genetics
  • modifications
  • immunity
  • vaccines

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 3817 KiB  
Article
The Lipid A from the Lipopolysaccharide of the Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 Revisited
by Iwona Komaniecka, Katarzyna Susniak, Adam Choma, Holger Heine and Otto Holst
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010258 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
The structure of lipid A from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 (Rv) a phototrophic, budding bacterium was re-investigated using high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR, and chemical degradation protocols. It was found that the (GlcpN)-disaccharide lipid A backbone was [...] Read more.
The structure of lipid A from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Rhodomicrobium vannielii ATCC 17100 (Rv) a phototrophic, budding bacterium was re-investigated using high-resolution mass spectrometry, NMR, and chemical degradation protocols. It was found that the (GlcpN)-disaccharide lipid A backbone was substituted by a GalpA residue that was connected to C-1 of proximal GlcpN. Some of this GalpA residue was β-eliminated by alkaline de-acylation, which indicated the possibility of the presence of another so far unidentified substituent at C-4 in non-stoichiometric amounts. One Manp residue substituted C-4′ of distal GlcpN. The lipid A backbone was acylated by 16:0(3-OH) at C-2 of proximal GlcpN, and by 16:0(3-OH), i17:0(3-OH), or 18:0(3-OH) at C-2′ of distal GlcpN. Two acyloxy-acyl moieties that were mainly formed by 14:0(3-O-14:0) and 16:0(3-O-22:1) occupied the distal GlcpN of lipid A. Genes that were possibly involved in the modification of Rv lipid A were compared with bacterial genes of known function. The biological activity was tested at the model of human mononuclear cells (MNC), showing that Rv lipid A alone does not significantly stimulate MNC. At low concentrations of toxic Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS, pre-incubation with Rv lipid A resulted in a substantial reduction of activity, but, when higher concentrations of E. coli LPS were used, the stimulatory effect was increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 1352 KiB  
Article
Lipid A from Oligotropha carboxidovorans Lipopolysaccharide That Contains Two Galacturonic Acid Residues in the Backbone and Malic Acid A Tertiary Acyl Substituent
by Adam Choma, Katarzyna Zamłyńska, Andrzej Mazur, Anna Pastuszka, Zbigniew Kaczyński and Iwona Komaniecka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 7991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217991 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1786
Abstract
The free-living Gram-negative bacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans (formerly: Pseudomonas carboxydovorans), isolated from wastewater, is able to live in aerobic and, facultatively, in autotrophic conditions, utilizing carbon monoxide or hydrogen as a source of energy. The structure of O. carboxidovorans lipid A, a hydrophobic [...] Read more.
The free-living Gram-negative bacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans (formerly: Pseudomonas carboxydovorans), isolated from wastewater, is able to live in aerobic and, facultatively, in autotrophic conditions, utilizing carbon monoxide or hydrogen as a source of energy. The structure of O. carboxidovorans lipid A, a hydrophobic part of lipopolysaccharide, was studied using NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) techniques. It was demonstrated that the lipid A backbone is composed of two d-GlcpN3N residues connected by a β-(1→6) glycosidic linkage, substituted by galacturonic acids (d-GalpA) at C-1 and C-4’ positions. Both diaminosugars are symmetrically substituted by 3-hydroxy fatty acids (12:0(3-OH) and 18:0(3-OH)). Ester-linked secondary acyl residues (i.e., 18:0, and 26:0(25-OH) and a small amount of 28:0(27-OH)) are located in the distal part of lipid A. These very long-chain hydroxylated fatty acids (VLCFAs) were found to be almost totally esterified at the (ω-1)-OH position with malic acid. Similarities between the lipid A of O. carboxidovorans and Mesorhizobium loti, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Caulobacter crescentus as well as Aquifex pyrophylus were observed and discussed from the perspective of the genomic context of these bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

16 pages, 2449 KiB  
Article
Structural Studies of the Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Plesiomonas shigelloides O22:H3 (CNCTC 90/89)
by Anna Maciejewska, Brygida Bednarczyk, Czeslaw Lugowski and Jolanta Lukasiewicz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(18), 6788; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186788 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2007
Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which causes foodborne intestinal infections, including gastroenteritis. It is one of the most frequent causes of travellers’ diarrhoea. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), an important virulence factor of the species, is in most cases characterised by a smooth [...] Read more.
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which causes foodborne intestinal infections, including gastroenteritis. It is one of the most frequent causes of travellers’ diarrhoea. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), an important virulence factor of the species, is in most cases characterised by a smooth character, demonstrated by the presence of all regions, such as lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide, where the latter part determines O-serotype. P. shigelloides LPS is still a poorly characterised virulence factor considering a “translation” of the particular O-serotype into chemical structure. To date, LPS structure has only been elucidated for 15 strains out of 102 O-serotypes. Structures of the new O-specific polysaccharide and core oligosaccharide of P. shigelloides from the Czechoslovak National Collection of Type Cultures CNCTC 90/89 LPS (O22), investigated by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, and 1H,13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, have now been reported. The pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide is built of one d-QuipNAc and is rich in four d-GalpNAcAN residues. Moreover, the new core oligosaccharide shares common features of other P. shigelloides endotoxins, i.e., the lack of phosphate groups and the presence of uronic acids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2962 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Insertion Sequences on O-Serotype Phenotype and Its O-Locus-Based Prediction in Klebsiella pneumoniae O2 and O1
by Daria Artyszuk, Radosław Izdebski, Anna Maciejewska, Marta Kaszowska, Aleksandra Herud, Valeria Szijártó, Marek Gniadkowski and Jolanta Lukasiewicz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(18), 6572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186572 - 08 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2700
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen, pointed out by the World Helth Organisation (WHO) as “critical” regarding the highly limited options of treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, O-antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K-antigen) are its virulence factors and surface antigens, determining O- and K-serotypes and encoded [...] Read more.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen, pointed out by the World Helth Organisation (WHO) as “critical” regarding the highly limited options of treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, O-antigen) and capsular polysaccharide (K-antigen) are its virulence factors and surface antigens, determining O- and K-serotypes and encoded by O- or K-loci. They are promising targets for antibody-based therapies (vaccines and passive immunization) as an alternative to antibiotics. To make such immunotherapy effective, knowledge about O/K-antigen structures, drift, and distribution among clinical isolates is needed. At present, the structural analysis of O-antigens is efficiently supported by bioinformatics. O- and K-loci-based genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or whole genome sequencing WGS has been proposed as a diagnostic tool, including the Kaptive tool available in the public domain. We analyzed discrepancies for O2 serotyping between Kaptive-based predictions (O2 variant 2 serotype) and the actual phenotype (O2 variant 1) for two K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Identified length discrepancies from the reference O-locus resulted from insertion sequences (ISs) within rfb regions of the O-loci. In silico analysis of 8130 O1 and O2 genomes available in public databases indicated a broader distribution of ISs in rfbs that may influence the actual O-antigen structure. Our results show that current high-throughput genotyping algorithms need to be further refined to consider the effects of ISs on the LPS O-serotype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 1296 KiB  
Review
Lipopolysaccharides and Cellular Senescence: Involvement in Atherosclerosis
by Kaori Suzuki, Etsuo A. Susaki and Isao Nagaoka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11148; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911148 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2868
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular walls related to aging. Thus far, the roles of cellular senescence and bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have been speculated to be independent of each other. Some types of macrophages, vascular endothelial [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular walls related to aging. Thus far, the roles of cellular senescence and bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have been speculated to be independent of each other. Some types of macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells are in a senescent state at the sites of atherosclerotic lesions. Likewise, bacterial infections and accumulations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, have also been observed in the atherosclerotic lesions of patients. This review introduces the integration of these two potential pathways in atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested that LPS directly induces cellular senescence in cultured monocytes/macrophages and vascular cells. In addition, LPS enhances the inflammatory properties (senescence-associated secretory phenotype [SASP]) of senescent endothelial cells. Thus, LPS derived from Gram-negative bacteria could exaggerate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by inducing and enhancing cellular senescence and the SASP-associated inflammatory properties of specific vascular cells in atherosclerotic lesions. This proposed mechanism can provide novel approaches to preventing and treating this common age-related disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) 2020)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop