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Recent Advances in Immunosuppressive Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 572

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
Interests: andrology; testis; oxidative stress; reproductive system; mice; high-fat diet; kidney; rats; prostate

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immunosuppressive drugs inhibit the body's immune response and the proliferation and functioning of immune response cells. The beginnings of immunosuppressive therapy date back to the 1960s and 1970s. The introduction of new drugs in the 1990s allowed for the use of treatment protocols using combinations of different agents. It is worth noting that many immunosuppressive agents are still in clinical or preclinical trials. Currently, immunosuppressive drugs are mainly used in patients after the transplantation of vascularized organs and in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, in some patients, there is still a need to modify immunosuppressive treatment protocols due to the high toxicity of the drug. In this context, an important aspect is the selection of appropriate immunosuppressive drugs which maximize overall therapeutic efficacy, minimize various side effects, and improve the quality of life of patients. Currently, scientists and clinicians are trying to develop common features between immunosuppressive drugs with the same target, while also taking up the challenge of targeting these drugs to selected cells.

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development and introduction of biologics and cell-based therapies designed to target basic signaling pathways. This strategy is characterized by high efficacy and represents a new approach to the control of the patient's clinical condition or prevention of disease progression. In addition, there is an emphasis on biomarkers and genetic profiling, which allows for a personalized approach to therapy while ensuring the precise and non-invasive monitoring of the patient's condition.

The present Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences aims to gain insight into recent advances in immunosuppressive therapy in regard to the mechanisms of action, signaling pathways, therapeutic efficacy, biological treatment, cell-based therapies, biomarkers, genetic profiling, and other aspects related to immunosuppressive agents.

Dr. Marta Grabowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immunosuppressive drugs
  • calcineurin inhibitors
  • corticosteroids
  • inhibitors of purine synthesis
  • mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors
  • biological treatment
  • cell-based therapies
  • biomarkers
  • genetic profiling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 1049 KB  
Review
Beyond Joints: Neuropsychiatric Benefits of TNF-α and IL-6 Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis—Narrative Review
by Hanna Siuchnińska, Alina Minarowska and Eliza Wasilewska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8361; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178361 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that, beyond joint destruction, contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms are often underrecognized despite their major impact on quality of life. Accumulating evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that, beyond joint destruction, contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. These symptoms are often underrecognized despite their major impact on quality of life. Accumulating evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), play a key role in this neuroimmune interface. This narrative review examined 16 clinical studies evaluating the effects of biologic therapies targeting TNF-α and IL-6 on mental health outcomes in RA. The total study population comprised 9939 patients, including 2467 treated with TNF-α inhibitors and 7472 with IL-6 or IL-6 receptor inhibitors. TNF-α inhibitors were associated with improved depressive symptoms and emotional well-being. IL-6 inhibitors demonstrated similar psychiatric benefits, particularly in patients with elevated IL-6 levels. The findings highlight that biological therapies in RA may influence not only physical symptoms but also mental health, likely through modulation of neuroimmune pathways including blood–brain barrier permeability, microglial activation, and HPA axis regulation. Future research is needed to clarify these effects in populations stratified by psychiatric comorbidity and inflammatory biomarkers. Clinical implications: Incorporating psychiatric symptom screening and considering neuroinflammatory profiles may help guide the selection of biologic therapy in RA, particularly in patients with comorbid depression or fatigue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Immunosuppressive Therapy)
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