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Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach
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Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2024) | Viewed by 13280

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Barbara Sosnowska-Pasiarska

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Guest Editor
Department of Oncocardiology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
Interests: cardiology; heart failure; cardiooncology; cardiotoxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by several structural and/or functional abnormalities. There is no single pathology underlying the basis of heart failure. Identification of the aetiology of heart failure is mandatory and it determines subsequent treatment. If pathophysiological mechanisms underlying specific respective heart failures are known, it will open new opportunities of appropriate therapies and may result in reducing the mortality of heart failure. Inherited genetic/familial cardiomyopathies are specified forms of heart failure. Finding a molecular basis for the development of heart failure, especially in people with a pathogenic gene variant, in patients with cardiomyopathy will allow better prediction of the disease outcomes and progression. Different forms of regulated cell death are implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Ferroptosis is one of these pathways that contribute to heart failure.

This Special Issue, entitled “Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach”, seeks high-quality research articles that serve to highlight the key role of molecular mechanisms in heart failure and extends to therapies used to treat this condition.

Dr. Barbara Sosnowska-Pasiarska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heart failure
  • cardiomyopathy
  • molecular mechanisms
  • signalling mechanisms
  • regulated cell death
  • fibrosis
  • pathophysiology
  • pharmacological targets

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 1182 KiB  
Review
Finerenone in Heart Failure—A Novel Therapeutic Approach
by Amalie Holst-Hansen, Daniela Grimm and Markus Wehland
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413711 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2259
Abstract
This review will discuss heart failure, introduce a new drug finerenone, and discuss clinical studies with a focus on its effects on heart failure. Heart failure is a condition or syndrome characterized by an impairment of the pumping ability of the heart, thus [...] Read more.
This review will discuss heart failure, introduce a new drug finerenone, and discuss clinical studies with a focus on its effects on heart failure. Heart failure is a condition or syndrome characterized by an impairment of the pumping ability of the heart, thus no longer keeping up with the demands of the body. There are several types of heart failure; among them are heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, with mildly reduced ejection fraction and with preserved ejection fraction. Heart failure can be caused by several factors including lifestyle factors and diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular diseases. Chronic kidney disease is also a risk factor of heart failure, as it leads to a state of inflammation that can impair the cardiovascular system over time. The novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone antagonizes the mineralocorticoid receptor and thereby decreases the amount of fibrosis and inflammation that is observed in many heart failure patients. It shows an equal tissue distribution among heart and kidney, a high affinity and selectivity for the mineralocorticoid receptor and little risk of hyperkalemia and feminization. It also exhibits a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, finerenone has been proposed as a beneficial medication for reducing heart failure, especially in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Further studies are to be conducted to clarify the effects of finerenone alone and in combination with other drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach)
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43 pages, 2550 KiB  
Review
Nutritional and Nutraceutical Support to the Failing Myocardium: A Possible Way of Potentiating the Current Treatment of Heart Failure
by Roberta Macrì, Rocco Mollace, Maria Serra, Federica Scarano, Giovanna Ritorto, Sara Ussia, Antonio Cardamone, Anna Rita Coppoletta, Cristina Carresi, Micaela Gliozzi, Vincenzo Musolino, Jessica Maiuolo, Ernesto Palma, Maurizio Volterrani, Vincenzo Mollace and Carolina Muscoli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212232 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1618
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition that affects 1–2% of the global population. The presence of comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity has been shown in various studies to elevate mortality and hospitalization rates in HF patients. Insufficient outcomes persist in [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition that affects 1–2% of the global population. The presence of comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity has been shown in various studies to elevate mortality and hospitalization rates in HF patients. Insufficient outcomes persist in HF, necessitating additional research to address unmet needs in disease management. Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, decreased alcohol consumption, regular exercise, cardiac rehabilitation, and a balanced diet, can prevent and treat a wide range of HF cases. In this review, we aimed to examine how lifestyle changes, nutrition, and nutraceutical supplements can play a role in preventing heart failure and supporting its treatment. A detailed and comprehensive analysis of the most recent data present in the literature could help identify potential candidates for future clinical trials in HF management. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the importance of closely monitoring nutritional balance, including micronutrients and nutraceuticals, in HF patients for better symptom management and outcomes. Despite promising results from initial approaches, the lack of conclusive evidence from recent studies and meta-analyses questions the widespread use of nutraceutical supplementation in HF patients. Further studies are necessary to determine the most effective way to use nutraceutical supplementation in the treatment of myocardial dysfunction in HF patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach)
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Graphical abstract

37 pages, 2373 KiB  
Review
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Pathophysiological Mechanisms behind the Clinical Phenotypes and the Therapeutic Approach
by Laurențiu Stoicescu, Dana Crişan, Claudiu Morgovan, Lucreţia Avram and Steliana Ghibu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020794 - 8 Jan 2024
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 8653
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an increasingly frequent form and is estimated to be the dominant form of HF. On the other hand, HFpEF is a syndrome with systemic involvement, and it is characterized by multiple cardiac and extracardiac [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an increasingly frequent form and is estimated to be the dominant form of HF. On the other hand, HFpEF is a syndrome with systemic involvement, and it is characterized by multiple cardiac and extracardiac pathophysiological alterations. The increasing prevalence is currently reaching epidemic levels, thereby making HFpEF one of the greatest challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the medical attitude in the case of HFpEF was a relaxed one towards the disease, despite the fact that it is much more complex, with many problems related to the identification of physiopathogenetic mechanisms and optimal methods of treatment. The current medical challenge is to develop effective therapeutic strategies, because patients suffering from HFpEF have symptoms and quality of life comparable to those with reduced ejection fraction, but the specific medication for HFrEF is ineffective in this situation; for this, we must first understand the pathological mechanisms in detail and correlate them with the clinical presentation. Another important aspect of HFpEF is the diversity of patients that can be identified under the umbrella of this syndrome. Thus, before being able to test and develop effective therapies, we must succeed in grouping patients into several categories, called phenotypes, depending on the pathological pathways and clinical features. This narrative review critiques issues related to the definition, etiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of HFpEF. We tried to describe in as much detail as possible the clinical and biological phenotypes recognized in the literature in order to better understand the current therapeutic approach and the reason for the limited effectiveness. We have also highlighted possible pathological pathways that can be targeted by the latest research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach)
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