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Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Pain Regulation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 1857

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
Interests: neuropathic pain; nerve damage; neurological disorders; diabetic neuropathy
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Dear Colleagues,

Recent studies suggest that nociceptor neurons could wield considerable influence over immune responses and inflammation, implying that pain not only characterizes inflammation but also regulates the immune system significantly. Upon encountering harmful stimuli, nociceptors can release neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, which wield potent regulatory effects on vasculature, as well as innate and adaptive immunity. Crucially, various immune cells, including dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and T cells, harbor receptors for these neuronal mediators, facilitating direct responses to nociceptors. The nexus between nociceptor neurons and the immune system is increasingly recognized as pivotal in both pain perception and inflammation. The disruption of these interactions might underpin the emergence of inflammatory conditions affecting diverse bodily systems like the skin, joints, the respiratory system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, these neuroimmune interactions have been documented not only in peripheral tissues of damage but also in the central nervous system. Comprehending the interplay between nociceptors, immune cells, and glial cells holds promise for uncovering novel mechanisms behind inflammatory disorders and developing innovative therapeutics for their treatment and prevention, alongside chronic pain management. Although numerous molecules may contribute to the initiation of acute and chronic inflammation and pain, their precise mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, insights into the molecular mechanisms instigating the resolution of inflammation and pain have paved the way for novel strategies targeting complex acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and pain management. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that resolution pathways are diverse and likely vary based on the specific tissue and stimulus involved.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions of original research and reviews focusing on acute and chronic inflammation and pain. We particularly encourage contributions that highlight the molecular mechanisms underpinning the persistence of inflammation and pain, contrasting with their resolution pathways.

Dr. Gurjit Singh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • acute and chronic pain
  • osteoarthritis
  • nerve growth factor
  • molecular mechanism of chronic pain

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 6520 KiB  
Communication
Leucine-Enriched Diet Reduces Fecal MPO but Does Not Protect Against DSS Colitis in a Mouse Model of Crohn’s Disease-like Ileitis
by Drishtant Singh, Paola Menghini, Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios, Luca Di Martino, Fabio Cominelli and Abigail Raffner Basson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11748; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111748 - 1 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Understanding the complex link between inflammation, gut health, and dietary amino acids is becoming increasingly important in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study tested the hypothesis that a leucine-rich diet could attenuate inflammation and improve gut health in a mouse [...] Read more.
Understanding the complex link between inflammation, gut health, and dietary amino acids is becoming increasingly important in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study tested the hypothesis that a leucine-rich diet could attenuate inflammation and improve gut health in a mouse model of IBD. Specifically, we investigated the effects of a leucine-rich diet on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in germ-free (GF) SAMP1/YitFC (SAMP) mice colonized with human gut microbiota (hGF-SAMP). hGF-SAMP mice were fed one of four different diets: standard mouse diet (CHOW), American diet (AD), leucine-rich AD (AD + AA), or leucine-rich CHOW diet (CH + AA). Body weight, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, gut permeability, colonoscopy scores, and histological analysis were measured. Mice on a leucine-rich CHOW diet showed a decrease in fecal MPO prior to DSS treatment as compared to those on a regular diet (p > 0.05); however, after week five, prior to DSS, this effect had diminished. Following DSS treatment, there was no significant difference in gut permeability, fecal MPO activity, or body weight changes between the leucine-supplemented and control groups. These findings suggest that while a leucine-rich diet may transiently affect fecal MPO levels in hGF-SAMP mice, it does not confer protection against DSS-induced colitis symptoms or mitigate inflammation in the long term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Pain Regulation)
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Review

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24 pages, 2622 KiB  
Review
Comprehending the Role of Metabolic and Hemodynamic Factors Alongside Different Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
by Yashumati Ratan, Aishwarya Rajput, Ashutosh Pareek, Aaushi Pareek and Gurjit Singh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3330; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073330 - 3 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular disorder of diabetes that contributes as a primary reason for end-stage renal disease worldwide. The pathological hallmarks of DN include diffuse mesangial expansion, thicker basement membrane of glomeruli, and arteriole hyalinosis. Hypertension and chronic hyperglycemia are [...] Read more.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular disorder of diabetes that contributes as a primary reason for end-stage renal disease worldwide. The pathological hallmarks of DN include diffuse mesangial expansion, thicker basement membrane of glomeruli, and arteriole hyalinosis. Hypertension and chronic hyperglycemia are the primary risk factors contributing to the occurrence of DN. The complex pathophysiology of DN involves the interplay amongst metabolic and hemodynamic pathways, growth factors and cytokines production, oxidative stress, and ultimately impaired kidney function. Hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction is the main pathological mechanism that initiates DN. However, several other pathogenic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis, contribute to disease progression. Different vasoactive hormone processes, including endothelin and renin–angiotensin, are activated as a part of the pathophysiology of DN, which also involves increased intraglomerular and systemic pressure. The pathophysiology of DN will continue to be better understood because of recent developments in genomics and molecular biology, but attempts to develop a comprehensive theory that explains all existing cellular and biochemical pathways have been thwarted by the disease’s multifactorial nature. This review extensively discusses the current understanding regarding the metabolic and hemodynamic pathological mechanisms, along with other signaling pathways and molecules responsible for the pathogenesis of DN. This work will encourage a greater in-depth understanding and investigation of the present status of the biochemical mechanistic processes underlying the pathogenesis of DN, which may assist in the determination of different biomarkers and help in the design and development of novel drug candidates in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Pain Regulation)
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