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From Mechanisms to Medicine: Cellular Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2026 | Viewed by 1920

Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 9, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
Interests: pulmonary hypertension; vascular remodelling; signalling pathways; metabolism; pericytes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial and progressive disorder, clinically defined by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (>20 mmHg), ultimately leading to right heart dysfunction and failure. While idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is rare, PH in its various forms—such as those associated with chronic hypoxia, thromboembolism, left heart disease, or genetic predisposition—affects millions of individuals worldwide, particularly among populations with underlying cardiovascular or pulmonary conditions. Regardless of the cause, PH is characterized by extensive pulmonary macrovascular and microvascular remodeling, driven by a complex interplay of cellular and molecular alterations. A deeper understanding of these dynamic and interconnected mechanisms is essential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving patient outcomes.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in elucidating the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PH. We particularly encourage studies presenting molecular data, including, but not limited to, gene expression profiling, signaling pathway analysis, protein–protein interactions, epigenetic modifications, and metabolomic or transcriptomic signatures associated with pulmonary vascular pathology.

Researchers are invited to submit original articles and reviews that integrate molecular insights with cellular mechanisms of PH pathogenesis, with the goal of advancing translational understanding and therapeutic development.

Dr. Swati Dabral
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • vascular remodeling
  • cellular mechanisms
  • hypoxia
  • growth factors
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2007 KB  
Article
Methylation in the TAC1 Gene Promoter Is Associated with the Transition from Acute Pulmonary Embolism to Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
by Leslie Marisol González-Hermosillo, Guillermo Cueto-Robledo, Javier Gaytan-Cervantes, Dulce Iliana Navarro-Vergara, María Berenice Torres-Rojas, Marisol García-Cesar, Oscar Pérez-Méndez, José Manuel Fragoso, Nallely Bueno-Hernández, Arturo Cérbulo-Vázquez and Galileo Escobedo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(15), 6913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27156913 - 1 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation may be linked to progression from acute pulmonary embolism (APE) to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), especially in genes regulating vascular tone. We investigated the association between tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1) promoter methylation and the [...] Read more.
Emerging evidence suggests that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation may be linked to progression from acute pulmonary embolism (APE) to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), especially in genes regulating vascular tone. We investigated the association between tachykinin precursor 1 (TAC1) promoter methylation and the APE-to-CTEPH transition in a 6-month ambispective cohort study of 110 patients with confirmed APE. We recorded clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic parameters at hospital admission and collected 4 mL of peripheral blood for DNA extraction. We quantified the percentage of TAC1 promoter methylation using bisulfite conversion and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), also assessing TAC1 gene expression by quantitative PCR. During the 6-month follow-up, 7.2% of patients developed CTEPH. Patients who later progressed to CTEPH had a significant 0.4-fold increase in TAC1 promoter methylation compared to those who did not. Increased methylation was associated with a 1.5-fold decrease in TAC1 gene expression in whole-blood leukocytes from CTEPH patients. TAC1 methylation significantly correlated with mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), D-dimer, and B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations. TAC1 promoter hypermethylation is associated with progression from APE to CTEPH and concurs with TAC1 gene repression, probably compromising systemic oxygenation, thrombus resolution, and cardiac strain. Full article
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Review

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23 pages, 1595 KB  
Review
Iron Deficiency in Pulmonary Hypertension—Prevalence, Impact on Prognosis and Disease Burden in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Hypoxia: A Review
by Agata Krystyna Ołdakowska, Karol Adam Kamiński and Katarzyna Ptaszyńska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(5), 2333; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27052333 - 2 Mar 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is recognized for being a severe, chronic phenomenon that necessitates a careful multidisciplinary approach. Its frequent coexistence with multiple comorbidities highlights the need for tailored decision-making concerning treatment towards not only certain PH subtypes but also towards each individual patient [...] Read more.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is recognized for being a severe, chronic phenomenon that necessitates a careful multidisciplinary approach. Its frequent coexistence with multiple comorbidities highlights the need for tailored decision-making concerning treatment towards not only certain PH subtypes but also towards each individual patient as well. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management has undergone extensive development, which enabled patients’ life expectancy to be prolonged. The targeted treatment made a significant contribution to the improvement of the patients’ quality of life, thereby reducing the illness burden. However, apart from the administration of drugs in the course of PAH, there is also the field for determining and addressing modifiable factors, which may influence everyday life and the final outcome of these individuals. Taking into consideration the fact that iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficit worldwide and that there exists a well-established, scientifically supported correlation between ID and the outcome and prognosis of left heart failure patients, multiple studies were conducted in order to verify a possible connection between ID and right heart failure as well. Indeed, the crossroads of iron and PAH, PH related to hypoxia, and pathophysiological mechanisms linking pulmonary vasculature and ID have been eagerly investigated over recent years. Therefore, research provided a considerable amount of data in this area, emphasizing the potential usefulness of iron homeostasis to serve as a prognostic factor. Nevertheless, due to extensive exploration of this matter, several issues have arisen that demand further study and clarification, with the use of a proper ID definition being one of the most crucial. Herein, we present a concise review of the most up-to-date literature regarding iron’s homeostasis and pulmonary vascular bed through the prism of PAH and PH related to hypoxia. Full article
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