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Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Innovative Therapies and Natural Adjuvants in Glioblastoma Management

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1951

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: cellular biology; neurobiology; cell death; oxidative stress; brain tumor; mitochondrial dysfunction; eating disorder; natural compounds as potential adjuvants to cancer therapy; natural compounds in aging and in cancer therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: neurobiology; cell biology; cell ultrastructure; oxidative stress; inflammation; cell death mechanisms; mycotherapy; phytotherapy; new psychoactive substances (NPS); neurodegenerative diseases; breast cancer; aging; senescence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Organized by Dr. Maria Grazia Bottone and Dr. Fabrizio De Luca, who have been assisted by Dr. Ludovica Gaiaschi (University of Pavia), this Special Issue focuses on glioblastoma (GBM) as one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of brain cancer, posing significant challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. Although GBM is a rare neoplasm, with a global incidence rate of less than 10 cases per 100,000 individuals, it represents a significant public health concern due to its grim prognosis, with a median survival rate of only 14-15 months following diagnosis. The current standard of care is a multimodal approach that includes maximal safe resection, radiotherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy post-radiotherapy. Despite advancements in medical science, the prognosis for glioblastoma patients remains poor, requiring the continuous exploration of new treatment avenues. Recently, attention has been paid to several innovative therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-Cell therapy, oncolytic viral therapy, CRISPR-Cas technologies, combination therapies, tumor treating fields therapy, and much more. Additionally, in recent years, both conventional therapies and natural compounds have shown promise in terms of enhancing treatment outcomes. Studies have demonstrated that compounds, such as curcumin, rasveratrol, cannabinoids and others derived from natural sources, may serve as effective adjuvants in the treatment of GBM due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue that will examine and evaluate the effectiveness and molecular activity of new therapeutic approaches and natural implementations in the treatment of glioblastoma. This Special Issue will highlight recent advancements, current challenges, and future prospects for improving patient survival and enhancing quality of life during cancer therapy.

This Special Issue will provide a detailed overview on the molecular aspect of GBM, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features; analyzing the molecular effects of currently utilized conventional therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy; and parallelly exploring emerging new therapies, including immunotherapy approaches, gene therapy, and nanotechnologies. Close attention will be paid to the use of natural implementations, such as bioactive molecules derived from natural compounds, examining the mechanisms of action of these adjuvants in cancer treatment and scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of nutraceuticals in the management of GBM patients.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following: glioblastoma therapeutic strategies, including targeted and emerging therapies, as well as the study of signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Maria Grazia Bottone
Dr. Fabrizio De Luca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glioblastoma
  • targeted therapy
  • traditional and emerging therapies
  • signaling pathways
  • tumor microenvironment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 4910 KB  
Article
In Vitro Anti-Glioblastoma Activity of a Novel Pt(IV)-Ganoderic Acid A Conjugate
by Ludovica Gaiaschi, Fabrizio De Luca, Stefano Artin Serapian, Emma Lugli, Federica Maraschi, Arianna Bini, Daniele Merli and Maria Grazia Bottone
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062760 - 18 Mar 2026
Viewed by 582
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults, with a poor prognosis and high resistance to conventional therapies. Platinum drugs like cisplatin are effective but limited by systemic toxicity, poor blood–brain barrier penetration, and resistance. Natural [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults, with a poor prognosis and high resistance to conventional therapies. Platinum drugs like cisplatin are effective but limited by systemic toxicity, poor blood–brain barrier penetration, and resistance. Natural compounds are increasingly studied for their anticancer potential and ability to enhance existing therapies. Based on this rationale, we designed Pt(IV)Ac-GA, a novel platinum(IV) complex obtained by conjugating cisplatin with ganoderic acid A, a triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum known for anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. The compound was synthesized, structurally characterized, and showed high stability and favorable pharmacokinetics. In vitro, Pt(IV)Ac-GA strongly reduced the viability of U251 and T98G glioblastoma cells while sparing normal astrocytes. It triggered apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, impaired migration, and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight Pt(IV)Ac-GA as a promising candidate to overcome current limitations in glioblastoma treatment. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 569 KB  
Review
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for High-Grade CNS Tumors: Mechanisms, Carriers, and Clinical Progress: A Narrative Review
by Tugce Kutuk, Ece Atak, Marshall Harrell, Raju R. Raval, Fatemeh Fekrmandi, Simeng Zhu, Sasha Beyer, Pawan K. Singh, Pierre Giglio, Hamid Mohtashami, Kyle C. Wu, James Bradley Elder, Sean S. Mahase, Raj Singh, Arnab Chakravarti and Joshua D. Palmer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2765; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062765 - 18 Mar 2026
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biologically targeted, high–linear energy transfer radiotherapy that selectively delivers cytotoxic α-particles to boron-loaded tumor cells and has re-emerged with the development of hospital-compatible accelerator neutron sources and improved boron carriers. We performed a structured literature review [...] Read more.
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biologically targeted, high–linear energy transfer radiotherapy that selectively delivers cytotoxic α-particles to boron-loaded tumor cells and has re-emerged with the development of hospital-compatible accelerator neutron sources and improved boron carriers. We performed a structured literature review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through October 2025 to summarize the radiobiological rationale, boron delivery strategies, and clinical outcomes of BNCT in glioblastoma (GBM) and other high-grade central nervous system tumors. Eligible clinical and translational studies were screened independently, and data on patient populations, boron agents, neutron source technologies, dosimetry, survival, response, and toxicity were extracted. Contemporary series and phase II trials indicate that BNCT is technically feasible and generally well tolerated, with encouraging survival outcomes in selected newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, meaningful activity in recurrent high-grade meningiomas, and acceptable safety in limited pediatric cohorts. Current practice relies primarily on second-generation carriers such as boronophenylalanine and sodium borocaptate, while third-generation molecular and nanocarrier platforms remain in preclinical development. Overall, BNCT represents a promising high-LET, pharmacologically targeted modality for heavily pretreated and radioresistant CNS tumors, and ongoing prospective studies are needed to define its comparative effectiveness and optimal integration into patient care. Full article
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