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The Importance of Molecular Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 2160

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: circadian rhythm; nanoformulations; drug delivery; chronotherapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

A variety of an organism’s behaviors and physiological and biochemical processes occur across a span of 24 hours. A diverse range of species developed an internal time keeping system that allows the organisms to better adapt to daily variations, known as the biological clock system. On a molecular level, this clock, present in almost every tissue in mammals, is based on an autoregulatory transcription–translation feedback loop comprising clock genes/proteins. From sleep–wake cycles to hormone secretion or even foraging and activity schedules, many biological functions are associated with this scale of rhythmicity. Recently, it has been recognized that circadian rhythms play important roles in both daily physiological processes and disease mechanisms, namely cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In fact, the dysfunction or misalignment of the circadian clock can increase the risk of disease and influence treatment responses.

Thus, this Special Issue will focus on elucidating body clocks and clock dysregulation. In addition, it intends to highlight novel findings on molecular clock manipulation in order to prevent and treat diseases.

Dr. Telma Quintela
Dr. Diana Rita Barata Costa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • molecular clock
  • circadian dysfunction
  • health
  • chronotherapy
  • circadian rhythms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 332 KiB  
Review
Circadian Disruption and Sleep Disorders in Astronauts: A Review of Multi-Disciplinary Interventions for Long-Duration Space Missions
by Hongjie Zong, Yifei Fei and Ningang Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115179 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 375
Abstract
As humanity advances into deep space exploration, astronauts on long-duration missions face significant challenges posed by circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep disorders, which arise from extreme environmental stressors such as microgravity, ionizing radiation, and operational workload. These disruptions not only compromise physiological and [...] Read more.
As humanity advances into deep space exploration, astronauts on long-duration missions face significant challenges posed by circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep disorders, which arise from extreme environmental stressors such as microgravity, ionizing radiation, and operational workload. These disruptions not only compromise physiological and psychological health but also impair cognitive function and mission-critical performance. In this review, we summarized established countermeasures encompassing pharmacological interventions, light-based circadian regulation, and work–rest schedule optimization alongside innovative approaches such as gut microbiota modulation and traditional Chinese medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Importance of Molecular Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease)
31 pages, 1937 KiB  
Review
Chrononutrition: Potential, Challenges, and Application in Managing Obesity
by Siti Aisyah Fuad, Rehna Paula Ginting and Min-Woo Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115116 - 26 May 2025
Viewed by 801
Abstract
The circadian clock orchestrates nearly every aspect of physiology, aligning metabolic processes with environmental cues, such as light and food intake. While the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes peripheral clocks across key metabolic tissue, feeding behavior emerges as the dominant cue [...] Read more.
The circadian clock orchestrates nearly every aspect of physiology, aligning metabolic processes with environmental cues, such as light and food intake. While the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes peripheral clocks across key metabolic tissue, feeding behavior emerges as the dominant cue for peripheral clock alignment. This interaction reveals a crucial link between circadian biology and metabolism. Disruption of these processes, whether from shift work, irregular eating patterns or lifestyle misalignment, has been strongly associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and cardiometabolic diseases. Within the field of chrononutrition, strategies, such as time-restricted feeding (TRF), have gained attention for their potential to restore circadian alignment and improve metabolic health. However, translational gaps persist, as most mechanistic insights are derived from nocturnal murine models, limiting their applicability to diurnal human physiology. Moreover, human studies are confounded by interindividual variability in chronotype, behavioral patterns, and dietary compliance. This review explores the molecular underpinnings of zeitgeber signals and critically assesses the translational barriers to implementing chrononutrition across species. By integrating insights from both preclinical and clinical research, we aim to refine the potential of circadian-based dietary interventions for metabolic disease prevention and personalized nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Importance of Molecular Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease)
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