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Design, Synthesis and Evaluations of Anticancer Activity of Multi-Target Inhibitors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 910

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Interests: medicinal chemistry; drug synthesis; organic synthesis; pharmaceuticals; spectroscopy; chromatography; QSAR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: pharmaceuticals; drug analysis; instrumental methods; chromatography; bioactive compounds; drug and food quality; QSPR; QSAR
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease is characterized by extensive genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations that drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Although the development of highly selective targeted therapies has significantly advanced modern oncology, their long-term clinical efficacy is often limited by tumor heterogeneity, compensatory signaling pathways, and the rapid emergence of drug resistance.

In recent years, multi-target inhibitors and multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) have attracted increasing attention as a promising strategy in anticancer drug discovery. By simultaneously modulating multiple molecular targets within complex oncogenic signaling networks, such compounds may overcome pathway redundancy, improve therapeutic efficacy, and reduce the likelihood of resistance development. This polypharmacological approach is particularly relevant for targeting interconnected pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment interactions.

Advances in medicinal chemistry, structure-based drug design, computational modeling, and high-throughput screening technologies have significantly facilitated the discovery and optimization of small molecules with balanced multi-target activity profiles. In particular, the integration of synthetic chemistry, molecular docking, cheminformatics, structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis, and pharmacological evaluation has opened new opportunities for the rational development of innovative anticancer agents.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent progress in the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of multi-target anticancer compounds. We welcome original research articles and review papers focusing on interdisciplinary approaches that combine medicinal chemistry, computational drug design, and experimental pharmacology to develop compounds capable of modulating multiple targets involved in cancer progression.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Rational design of multi-target anticancer inhibitors
  • Synthesis and structural optimization of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs)
  • Hybrid molecules and dual/multi-target pharmacophores
  • Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of anticancer compounds
  • Molecular docking and computational approaches in multitarget drug design
  • Kinase inhibitors targeting multiple oncogenic pathways
  • Multi-target modulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, or metastasis pathways
  • Natural product-inspired multi-target anticancer compounds
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of multitarget anticancer agents
  • Mechanistic studies of compounds affecting multiple molecular targets

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Malgorzata Jelen
Dr. Małgorzata Dołowy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthesis of anticancer compounds
  • multi-target inhibitors
  • kinase inhibitors
  • apoptosis modulation
  • cancer signaling pathways
  • structure–activity relationships
  • molecular docking
  • hybrid molecules

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

39 pages, 16948 KB  
Article
Quinobenzothiazine–AZT Hybrids Linked via 1,2,3-Triazole: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Anticancer Agents
by Klaudia Giercuszkiewicz-Haśnik, Magdalena Skonieczna, Beata Morak-Młodawska and Małgorzata Jeleń
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(12), 5562; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27125562 - 19 Jun 2026
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, while its resistance to treatment continues to represent a major therapeutic challenge. In the present study, a series of phenothiazine derivatives, including hybrids containing a [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, while its resistance to treatment continues to represent a major therapeutic challenge. In the present study, a series of phenothiazine derivatives, including hybrids containing a 1,2,3-triazole linker and the zidovudine (AZT) fragment, were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT-29 as well as non-cancerous BEAS-2B cells. Cytotoxic activity was determined using the Alamar Blue assay, while the mechanisms of action were investigated by flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, changes in the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage response were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The obtained results demonstrated that AZT-containing derivatives exhibited stronger anticancer activity than non-conjugated phenothiazine analogs. Compounds A9–A12 induced pronounced apoptosis and significant disturbances in cell cycle progression, particularly in HCT116 cells. Among the analyzed derivatives, compound A9 displayed the most favorable overall biological profile, combining strong proapoptotic and cytotoxic activity with relatively high selectivity toward cancer cells and moderate effects on non-cancerous cells. The results indicate that molecular hybridization of phenothiazine derivatives with the AZT scaffold represents a promising strategy for the development of novel anticancer agents targeting colorectal cancer. Full article
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