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Molecular Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 323

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Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
Interests: allergic disease; infectious diseases; upper respiratory tract
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for respiratory allergies such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Given the increasing prevalence of these diseases in many regions of the world, AIT is therefore of fundamental health-economic importance.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the disease. This particularly concerns the fields of genetic and bioinformatic research. This has enabled the development of approaches involving interactions with the cells involved in the allergic cascade, which raises hope for novel forms of treatment. This will be highlighted in this Special Edition. Suitable topics include but are not limited to the following: new findings regarding cytokines and other mediators; T-cell and B-cell mediated immunity; basophil cells; and receptors involved in the allergic reaction. Human genetic studies on the genes of the MHC and on inflammatory mediators, as well as on epigenetics and gene–environment interactions are also of interest.

Prof. Dr. Ralph Mösges
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • allergy, immunogenicity
  • T-cells
  • B-cells
  • basophils
  • zytokines
  • receptors
  • MHC genes
  • HLA genes
  • epigenetics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1489 KiB  
Article
Rapid Change in FcεRI Occupancy on Basophils After Venom Immunotherapy Induction
by Viktoria Puxkandl, Stefan Aigner, Teresa Burner, Angelika Lackner, Sherezade Moñino-Romero, Susanne Kimeswenger, Wolfram Hoetzenecker and Sabine Altrichter
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157511 - 4 Aug 2025
Viewed by 33
Abstract
Specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) in patients with hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) represents a well-studied approach to reduce the severity of a possible anaphylactic reaction. Currently, data on mechanisms of tolerance induction at the cellular level within the first hours of therapy are lacking. [...] Read more.
Specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) in patients with hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) represents a well-studied approach to reduce the severity of a possible anaphylactic reaction. Currently, data on mechanisms of tolerance induction at the cellular level within the first hours of therapy are lacking. To address this, total and unoccupied high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) numbers per basophil, soluble FcεRI (sFcεRI) and serum tryptase levels were measured before and after the first day of VIT induction in HVA patients. Additionally, basophil activation tests (BATs) were performed at those time points. In the early phase of VIT induction, no significant change in total FcεRI receptor density on basophils was observed, but a significant increase in unoccupied FcεRI was noticeable, predominantly in patients with high total IgE and low baseline unoccupied FcεRI density. No meaningful difference in serum tryptase levels or sFcεRI levels was observed after VIT induction. BATs showed heterogeneous results, often unchanged before and after VIT (in 47% of the cases), sometimes increased (in 40%) and only rarely decreased EC50 sensitivity (in 13%). Changes in the BAT EC50 correlated with FcεRI receptor density changes in basophils. In summary, VIT induction led to an increased ratio of unoccupied-to-total FcεRI without notable tryptase or sFcεRI serum elevation, pointing towards subthreshold cell activation with receptor internalization and recycling. However, the mostly unchanged or even increased basophil sensitivity in EC50 calls for further research to clarify the clinical relevance of these rapid receptor modulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy)
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