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Molecular Adaptations of Arthropod Vectors to Oxidative Stress

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2026) | Viewed by 1278

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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
Interests: mosquitoes; insect-microbiota relationships; molecular entomology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, sandflies, ticks, and triatomines are constantly exposed to oxidative stress from both environmental and physiological sources, including blood digestion, pathogen infection, and exposure to xenobiotics. Oxidative stress plays a central role in shaping vector physiology, survival, reproduction, and vector competence. Despite their relevance, the molecular mechanisms that enable arthropod vectors to cope with oxidative challenges remain incompletely understood.

This Special Issue will bring together recent advances in the understanding of how arthropod vectors respond to oxidative stress at the molecular level. We invite contributions exploring antioxidant defense systems, redox signaling, metabolic remodeling, detoxification pathways, and stress-induced proteomic and transcriptomic changes. Studies employing omics approaches—proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genomics—as well as functional molecular analyses are particularly encouraged.

This issue is leading by Dr. Francisco José Lemos and assisting by assistant Dr. Maria Aparecida Aride Bertonceli (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro). By highlighting the molecular adaptations that support vector resilience, this Special Issue will expand our knowledge of vector biology and contribute to the development of innovative vector control strategies. Submissions addressing both fundamental mechanisms and applied perspectives are welcome.

Dr. Francisco José Alves Lemos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • arthropod vectors
  • molecular adaptation
  • redox biology
  • proteomics
  • stress response mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 7554 KB  
Article
Stage-Specific Proteomic Adaptations to Heme-Induced Oxidative Stress in Aedes aegypti: Differential Mechanisms in Larvae and Adults
by Karla Barreto da Silva Orozimbo, Maria Aparecida Aride Bertonceli, Raquel de Souza Braga Silva, Rívea Cristina Custódio Rodrigues, Jucélia da Silva Araújo, Olga Lima Tavares Machado, Felipe Astolpho Almeida and Francisco José Alves Lemos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020666 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 922
Abstract
Heme released during blood digestion represents a major oxidative challenge for hematophagous insects, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox imbalance. Although Aedes aegypti has evolved specialized mechanisms to mitigate heme toxicity, how these responses vary across developmental stages remains [...] Read more.
Heme released during blood digestion represents a major oxidative challenge for hematophagous insects, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox imbalance. Although Aedes aegypti has evolved specialized mechanisms to mitigate heme toxicity, how these responses vary across developmental stages remains poorly understood. Here, we applied quantitative proteomics to compare the effects of heme exposure in larvae and adult females. In larvae, heme treatment predominantly led to downregulation of metabolic and antioxidant proteins, consistent with a shift toward energy conservation and growth regulation. Nonetheless, selective upregulation of proteins associated with mitochondrial MnSOD activity, lipid remodeling, and cytoskeletal organization indicates the engagement of complementary protective mechanisms. In contrast, adults exhibited a coordinated bioenergetic response, characterized by enrichment of mitochondrial pathways, redox-related proteins, and molecular chaperones, reflecting enhanced resilience to oxidative stress. Enrichment of cuticle-associated proteins in both stages further suggests heme-induced structural remodeling. Together, these findings demonstrate that A. aegypti employs divergent, stage-specific proteomic strategies to cope with heme toxicity: larvae suppress metabolic activity while maintaining structural and redox homeostasis, whereas adults reinforce mitochondrial function and proteostatic defenses. These insights advance our understanding of mosquito redox biology and highlight stage-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited for innovative vector control strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Adaptations of Arthropod Vectors to Oxidative Stress)
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