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Supplements and Drug-Based Strategies in Neonatal and Paediatric Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 1500

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
Interests: resveratrol; gut microbiota; metabolites; metabolism; Alzheimer’s disease; retina; diabetes; nutrition; pharmacology; gastrointestinal diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of supplements and pharmacological agents in neonatal and paediatric patients is a growing area of research, yet many of their molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes remain incompletely understood. The early stages of life—from the neonatal period through to late childhood—are characterised by rapid developmental changes in the immune, neurological, and metabolic systems, as well as in the gut microbiota, all of which can significantly influence the safety and efficacy of both nutrients and drugs.

This Special Issue aims to collate studies that provide molecular-level insights into how food supplements, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals affect health and disease in the paediatric and neonatal population. We welcome contributions that address the following topics:

  • The modulation of immune responses and infectious disease outcomes;
  • The role of the microbiota in shaping systemic responses to therapies;
  • The effects of interventions on neurological and neurodevelopmental mechanisms;
  • Drug–nutrient interactions and their molecular consequences;
  • Approaches to personalised supplementation or pharmacotherapy.

In addition to reports of original findings, we also encourage submissions of critical and mechanistic reviews that focus on controversial or underexplored aspects, such as the appropriateness of certain bioactives or supplements for neonates and children; challenges in establishing optimal dosages and delivery routes; and evidence gaps and regulatory grey areas in paediatric integrative therapies.

Led by Dr. Giulia Malaguarnera, with the assistance of Dr. Roberta Leonardi and Dr. Manuela Lo Bianco (University of Catania), we aim to build a collection that not only presents new data, but also questions existing practices and helps to clarify how we can move toward safer, more effective, and mechanistically informed strategies in child and neonatal healthcare.

Dr. Giulia Malaguarnera
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neonatal pharmacology
  • paediatric supplements
  • nutraceuticals in early life
  • microbiota–host interactions
  • infectious diseases in children
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • drug–nutrient interactions
  • dosing and delivery routes
  • molecular paediatrics
  • critical analysis of paediatric interventions

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 1627 KB  
Review
Resveratrol as an Adjunct Antiviral Agent in Pediatric Viral Infections: A Review on Mechanistic Insights and Gut Microbiota Modulation
by Roberta Leonardi, Manuela Lo Bianco, Salvatore Spinello, Pasqua Betta, Caterina Gagliano, Vittorio Calabrese, Agata Polizzi and Giulia Malaguarnera
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311341 - 24 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Pediatric viral infections impose a heavy burden on child health, often worsened by infection-induced gut dysbiosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and microbiota-modulating properties, has been proposed to interrupt this pathogenic feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first narrative review [...] Read more.
Pediatric viral infections impose a heavy burden on child health, often worsened by infection-induced gut dysbiosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and microbiota-modulating properties, has been proposed to interrupt this pathogenic feedback. To our knowledge, this is the first narrative review focused on resveratrol’s antiviral activity in pediatric viral infections, concurrently evaluating its impact on the gut microbiota and their interrelationship. We synthetized preclinical and the limited available pediatric clinical data regarding resveratrol’s effect on SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, rotavirus, and norovirus, extracting information on the models, routes of administration, dosages, mechanisms, and outcomes. Resveratrol interferes with viral lifecycles via diverse mechanisms (modulation of host signaling cascades, capsid or structural protein interactions, and suppression of pro-viral chaperones) while concurrently reshaping the gut microbiota (reducing opportunistic taxa and enriching beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) leading to improved short-chain fatty acid profiles, barrier integrity, and dampened inflammation. Intranasal resveratrol in children shows clinical benefit, while oral use is underexplored and limited by poor bioavailability; adult data hint at supportive microbiome and anti-inflammatory effects if the delivery is optimized. These dual antiviral and microbiome-directed effects position resveratrol as a promising adjunct in pediatric viral disease management, though well-powered pediatric clinical trials are needed to define dosages, delivery strategies, and the contribution of microbiota-mediated synergy. Full article
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