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The Impact of Biomolecules on the Pathogenesis of Oral and Periodontal Diseases

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Guest Editor
Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
Interests: aging; inflammation; wound healing; tissue regeneration; immunity; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stem cells; bone biology; bone diseases; salivary gland disorders; periodontal pathogenesis; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; cancer; DNA microarray; miRNA array; bioinformatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomolecules play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of oral and periodontal diseases, defining not only the origin but also the progression of diseases. This Special Issue aims to emphasize intricate interactions among environmental factors, microbial components, and host-derived biomolecules that result in oral conditions such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and other periodontal disease conditions. Current research has highlighted the involvement of inflammatory mediators, enzymes, cytokines, and signaling molecules in tissue injury, immune responses, and dysbiosis within the oral cavity. Understanding such biomolecular processes is critical for the discovery of new biomarkers facilitating early diagnosis and treatment. By focusing on the molecular processes of disease pathogenesis, this Special Issue aims to provide insights into how genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome-related factors interact to impact oral health. Researchers are invited to explore new methods in understanding biomolecular interactions that sustain disease processes and their implications on treatment modalities in periodontal therapy.

Dr. Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biomolecules
  • inflammatory mediators
  • enzymes
  • cytokines
  • dysbiosis
  • microbiome
  • genetic and epigenetic factors
  • oral and periodontal diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1395 KiB  
Article
Serum Antibody Titres Against Porphyromonas gingivalis Fim A in Patients with Periodontitis with and Without Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
by Sabine Groeger, Nathalie Mueller, Jens Martin Herrmann and Joerg Meyle
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4726; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104726 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 210
Abstract
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in both conditions. This study investigates the association between antibody responses [...] Read more.
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are interconnected in a bidirectional relationship, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key periodontal pathogen, has been implicated in both conditions. This study investigates the association between antibody responses to P. gingivalis and the coexistence of periodontitis and diabetes, aiming to explore its potential as a biomarker for early screening. The developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse in a pilot study the serum of subjects with periodontitis (n = 26), subjects with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 15), and healthy individuals (n = 13) for immunoglobulin (Ig)G- and IgM-antibody titres against FimA. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the IgG titres of the three study groups was observed. Patients with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus showed the highest IgG titres and thus the highest level of IgG antibodies, followed by periodontitis patients and finally the orally healthy subjects. This study demonstrated the establishment of a reliable and reproducible ELISA for the detection of antibodies against FimA from P. gingivalis W83. In addition, the outcomes of this study can be used to develop a screening assay that can indicate existing periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus based on IgG antibody titres against FimA from P. gingivalis. Full article
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