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10 pages, 2269 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conservation of Markers and Stemness in Adipose Stem and Progenitor Cells between Cattle and Other Species

by Yuki Ishida, Yo Mabuchi, Yuna Naraoka, Daisuke Hisamatsu and Chihiro Akazawa

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 11908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511908 - 25 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) have been isolated from humans and animals for use in regenerative medicine and therapy. However, knowledge of ASPCs in other species is limited. Particularly, ASPCs in livestock are expected to enhance the fat content and meat composition. [...] Read more.

Adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) have been isolated from humans and animals for use in regenerative medicine and therapy. However, knowledge of ASPCs in other species is limited. Particularly, ASPCs in livestock are expected to enhance the fat content and meat composition. In this study, we isolated bovine ASPCs using cell surface markers. Specifically, we focused on ASPC markers in humans and experimental animals, namely CD26, CD146, and CD54. Stromal vascular fraction cells from bovine fat were separated using flow cytometry before primary culture. We evaluated the self-renewal and adipogenic potential of each fraction. We identified four cell populations: CD26−CD146+CD54+, CD26−CD146+CD54−, CD26−CD146−, and CD26+CD146−. Among them, the CD26−CD146+ fraction, particularly CD54+, demonstrated the properties of preadipocytes (PreAs), characterized by slow proliferation and a high adipogenic capacity. In conclusion, we could collect and characterize possible PreAs as CD26−CD146+CD54+ or CD26−CD146+CD54−, which are expected for in vitro bovine adipogenic assays in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Stem Cells 2023)

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13 pages, 1851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Stress Improves Fat Graft Survival by Promoting Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Proliferation

by Jeong Jin Chun, Jiyeon Chang, Shindy Soedono, Jieun Oh, Yeong Jin Kim, Syeo Young Wee, Kae Won Cho and Chang Yong Choi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11839; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911839 - 6 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2029

Abstract

Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), defined as co-transplantation of aspirated fat with enrichment of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), is a novel technique for cosmetic and reconstructive surgery to overcome the low survival rate of traditional fat grafting. However, clinically approved techniques for increasing the potency [...] Read more.

Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), defined as co-transplantation of aspirated fat with enrichment of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), is a novel technique for cosmetic and reconstructive surgery to overcome the low survival rate of traditional fat grafting. However, clinically approved techniques for increasing the potency of ASCs in CAL have not been developed yet. As a more clinically applicable method, we used mechanical stress to reinforce the potency of ASCs. Mechanical stress was applied to the inguinal fat pad by needling . Morphological and cellular changes in adipose tissues were examined by flow cytometric analysis 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after the procedure. The proliferation and adipogenesis potencies of ASCs were evaluated. CAL with ASCs treated with mechanical stress or sham control were performed, and engraftment was determined at 4 weeks post-operation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that mechanical stress significantly increased the number as well as the frequency of ASC proliferation in fat. Proliferation assays and adipocyte-specific marker gene analysis revealed that mechanical stress promoted proliferation potential but did not affect the differentiation capacity of ASCs. Moreover, CAL with cells derived from mechanical stress-treated fat increased the engraftment. Our results indicate that mechanical stress may be a simple method for improving the efficacy of CAL by enhancing the proliferation potency of ASCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Stem Cells 2023)

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Review

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23 pages, 1668 KiB

Open AccessReview

Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Microphysiological Models to Capture Human Diversity in Preclinical Models

by Katie M. Hamel, Trivia P. Frazier, Christopher Williams, Tamika Duplessis, Brian G. Rowan, Jeffrey M. Gimble and Cecilia G. Sanchez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052728 - 27 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1177

Abstract

Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical [...] Read more.

Female breast cancer accounts for 15.2% of all new cancer cases in the United States, with a continuing increase in incidence despite efforts to discover new targeted therapies. With an approximate failure rate of 85% for therapies in the early phases of clinical trials, there is a need for more translatable, new preclinical in vitro models that include cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix, and human-derived biomaterials. Specifically, adipose tissue and its resident cell populations have been identified as necessary attributes for current preclinical models. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and mature adipocytes are a normal part of the breast tissue composition and not only contribute to normal breast physiology but also play a significant role in breast cancer pathophysiology. Given the recognized pro-tumorigenic role of adipocytes in tumor progression, there remains a need to enhance the complexity of current models and account for the contribution of the components that exist within the adipose stromal environment to breast tumorigenesis. This review article captures the current landscape of preclinical breast cancer models with a focus on breast cancer microphysiological system (MPS) models and their counterpart patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to capture patient diversity as they relate to adipose tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adipose Stem Cells 2023)

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