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Genetics and Breeding for Sugar Crops

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 3742

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Interests: sugarcane; molecular genetics and breeding; plant pathology; stress biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The genetics and breeding of sugar crops, such as sugarcane and sugar beet, focus on improving yield, sugar content, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. Modern breeding programs integrate classical techniques, such as hybridization and selection, with advanced genomic tools, including marker-assisted selection, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and genomic editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9. Sugarcane breeding faces challenges due to its complex polyploid genome, while sugar beet breeding benefits from its diploid genome structure. Innovations in genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics have enabled researchers to identify key genes and pathways involved in sugar accumulation, stress adaptation, and pathogen defense. These advancements are driving the development of high-yielding, resilient cultivars tailored to meeting the growing global demand for sugar and bioenergy. This integration of traditional and molecular approaches offers promising avenues for sustainable sugar crop production and improved agricultural practices.

Scope of the Special Issue: Genetics and Breeding of Sugar Crops

This Special Issue aims to focus on advancements in the genetics and breeding of sugar crops, including sugarcane, sugar beet, and other sugar-producing plants. Our aim is to showcase cutting-edge research and innovative approaches that address key challenges in improving crop productivity, sugar content, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Key topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Genetic Improvement: Studies on the identification and functional characterization of genes associated with sugar accumulation, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.
  • Breeding Strategies: Development and application of hybridization, selection, and other traditional breeding techniques.
  • Genomic Tools: Application of next-generation sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection in sugar crop improvement.
  • Biotechnology: Integration of gene editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) for targeted genetic modifications in sugar crops.
  • Stress Adaptation: Research on improving tolerance to drought, salinity, pests, and diseases through genetic and breeding interventions.
  • Bioenergy and Sustainability: Innovations in breeding sugar crops for enhanced biomass production and bioenergy applications, focusing on environmental sustainability.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that contribute to advancing the science and practice of sugar crop genetics and breeding, with an emphasis on improving global sugar production and fostering sustainable agricultural systems.

Prof. Dr. Muqing Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sugarcane
  • molecular genetics and breeding
  • plant pathology
  • stress biology
  • GWAS
  • QTL
  • precision breeding
  • molecular marker
  • gene editing
  • transgene

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 10910 KB  
Article
Oligo-FISH-Based Analysis of the Mechanisms Underlying Chromosome Number Variation in Saccharum spontaneum
by Maoyong Ran, Bo Yu, Chunxia Cheng, Xueting Li, Yirong Guo, Liping Zhao, Fenggang Zan, Xiuqin Lin, Xiao Hou, Yong Zhao, Jiayong Liu and Zuhu Deng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1958; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051958 - 24 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1394
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization serves as a crucial strategy for innovating sugarcane germplasms. Currently, nearly all modern sugarcane varieties that incorporate genetic material are derived from Saccharum spontaneum. The number of chromosomes in S. spontaneum ranges from 40 to 128, contributing significantly to the [...] Read more.
Interspecific hybridization serves as a crucial strategy for innovating sugarcane germplasms. Currently, nearly all modern sugarcane varieties that incorporate genetic material are derived from Saccharum spontaneum. The number of chromosomes in S. spontaneum ranges from 40 to 128, contributing significantly to the diversity of its genetic resources. However, the genetic mechanisms driving chromosome number variation in S. spontaneum remain to be fully elucidated. Here, oligonucleotide fluorescence in situ hybridization (Oligo-FISH) was conducted to identify individual chromosomes and explore chromosome transmission during the intraspecific hybridization of S. spontaneum. The results indicate that from the progenies generated from S. spontaneum Yunnan2017-22 (2n = 8x = 64) and Yunnan82-1 (2n = 8x = 64) emerged two distinct karyotypes, 2n = 12x = 96 (A1) and 2n = 8x = 64 (A2, A33-1, A18). This implies that the chromosome inheritances were 2n + n and n + n in the progenies. However, self-pollinated samples of A1 (2n = 12x = 96) produced normal offspring C1 (2n = 94) and C2 (2n = 96). The 2n + n inheritance pattern did not continue. In another cross, the progenies derived from S. spontaneum Yunnan2017-41 (2n = 8x = 64) and Yunnan8 (2n = 10x = 80) carried a karyotype of 2n = 9x = 72, with n + n inheritance mode. These findings highlight the existence of two chromosome inheritance modes, 2n + n and n + n, in the context of the intraspecific hybridization of S. spontaneum. Additionally, hybridization between different ploidy S. spontaneum was also accompanied by chromosomal translocations (A1, A2, A18, A18) and loss (A2, A33-1, AA-4, and C2) that further resulted in the complexity of the S. spontaneum genome. Together, these findings highlight diverse chromosome inheritance in S. spontaneum hybridization, and provide a theoretical foundation for the further utilization of S. spontaneum germplasm in sugarcane breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding for Sugar Crops)
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Review

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16 pages, 2279 KB  
Review
Advances in Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sugar Beet from Mitochondrial Genome Structural Dynamics and Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Coordination
by Weiting Zhong, Shuo Zhang, Xiaolin Gu, Yanghe Zhao, Zhiqiang Wu, Dali Liu and Wang Xing
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 10175; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262010175 - 19 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1580
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally important sugar crop whose hybrid breeding system relies heavily on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines. Recent advances in sugar beet genomics, particularly the release of high-quality reference genomes and the characterization of organellar genomes, [...] Read more.
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally important sugar crop whose hybrid breeding system relies heavily on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines. Recent advances in sugar beet genomics, particularly the release of high-quality reference genomes and the characterization of organellar genomes, have provided a foundation for elucidating the molecular genetic mechanisms of CMS. Furthermore, innovations in gene editing technologies are enabling transformative functional studies in this field. The precise targeting of CMS-associated mitochondrial genes and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes not only allows for direct investigation of theoretical models governing fertility regulation through nuclear–cytoplasmic interactions but also holds promise for the targeted development of sterile and restorer lines. This review systematically summarizes progresses in sugar beet genomics, the development of gene editing tools, and the current understanding of the molecular genetics of CMS and fertility restoration in sugar beet. Although challenges remain—such as efficient delivery of editing tools into mitochondria and coordinated editing of multiple genes—the integration of genomic and gene editing technologies is expected to accelerate multi-omics-guided dissection of CMS mechanisms. These advances will facilitate the precise design of high-yield, high-sugar, and stress-resistant sugar beet hybrids, thereby providing core scientific and technological support for the sustainable development of the global sugar industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding for Sugar Crops)
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