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Macrophages and Inflammation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2025) | Viewed by 6586

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
Interests: transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic programming of macrophages and their precoursors—corculating monocytes; tumor immunometabolism; macrophage biomarkers of therapy resistance; new molecular targets for TAM reprogramming in solid tumors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Macrophages are ubiquitous in almost all human tissues and provide the first line of defense through acute inflammatory reactions induced by pathogens. At the same time, macrophages are key regulators of resolution of inflammation; they orchestrate healing and restore dynamic tissue homeostasis once the danger has been eliminated. The inability of macrophages to switch their programs from acute inflammation to its resolution and healing results in a chronic inflammatory status underlying major human disorders, like cancer and cardio-metabolic disorders. Another essential trigger of chronic inflammatory reactions are metabolic factors; for example, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which are crucial for the development of diabetes and its vascular complications. Inflammatory macrophages also contribute to the development of neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration by producing cytokines and through a reduction in tolerogenic clearance function.

Our issue is inviting submissions that address the mechanism of macrophage-mediated inflammation in infectious and sterile conditions. We also invite submissions that focus on the new intracellular pathways, which are critical for chronic inflammatory reactions, submissions dealing with molecule mechanisms, fixing the chronic inflammatory status of macrophages, and interfering with the phenotype switch for inflammation to healing and tolerance. We also invite submission that address the phenotypes, transcriptome, epigenetics and metabolomics of macrophages and their precursors - monocytes in human disorders where inflammation is an essential drive of pathology, including (but not restricted to) cardio-metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, and acute and chronic infectious disorders

Prof. Dr. Julia Kzhyshkowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • innate immunity
  • transcriptional programs
  • epigenetics
  • immunometabolism
  • receptors
  • scavenging
  • cytokines
  • ROS

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2606 KB  
Article
Platelet Releasate Reprograms Synovial Macrophages In Vitro: A New Approach in the Treatment of Hemophilic Synovitis
by Paula Oneto, María Eulalia Landro, Martin Manuel Ledesma, Julia Etulain, Carla Daffunchio, Guillermo Cambiaggi, Mirta Schattner, Andrea Emilse Errasti, Horacio Caviglia and Eugenio Antonio Carrera Silva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110616 - 31 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Chronic hemophilic synovitis (CHS), driven by hemosiderin-laden macrophages from recurrent hemarthrosis, is a major cause of joint damage in hemophilia. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising regenerative therapy for joint diseases. This study investigated PRP’s ability to modulate macrophage polarization from a pro-inflammatory [...] Read more.
Chronic hemophilic synovitis (CHS), driven by hemosiderin-laden macrophages from recurrent hemarthrosis, is a major cause of joint damage in hemophilia. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising regenerative therapy for joint diseases. This study investigated PRP’s ability to modulate macrophage polarization from a pro-inflammatory (M1) to a pro-resolving, tissue-repairing (M2) phenotype in CHS. We analyzed synovial fluid (SF) from CHS patients (N = 22), both pre- and post-PRP treatment. Ex vivo analysis revealed a predominant M1 profile with an increased proportion of CD11+CD14+CD64hi compared with CD206+ or CD163+ M2 macrophages in CHS SF. In vitro experiments showed that CHS SF skewed monocyte-derived macrophages toward an M1 inflammatory program, evaluated by flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA. However, adding PRP significantly modulated the pro-inflammatory macrophage program, promoting an M2 tissue repair profile. Furthermore, a random forest machine learning algorithm, applied to public scRNAseq data, confirmed PRP’s macrophage reprogramming effect. Functional assays also showed increased TGF-β secretion and macrophage fusion when challenged with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). A small patient follow-up cohort treated with intra-articular PRP showed similar results, including normalization of cellular content and reduced CD64/CD206 expression. These findings indicate that PRP treatment effectively shifts SF-associated M1 macrophages to an M2-like phenotype, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for CHS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macrophages and Inflammation)
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Review

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30 pages, 2069 KB  
Review
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages
by Elena Y. Rykova, Vadim V. Klimontov, Elena Shmakova, Anton I. Korbut, Tatyana I. Merkulova and Julia Kzhyshkowska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041670 - 15 Feb 2025
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5641
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that nonglycemic effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors play an important role in the protective effects of these drugs in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory potential of SGLT2 inhibitors [...] Read more.
A growing body of evidence indicates that nonglycemic effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors play an important role in the protective effects of these drugs in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory potential of SGLT2 inhibitors has been actively studied. This review summarizes results of clinical and experimental studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a special focus on their effects on macrophages, key drivers of metabolic inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors reduces levels of inflammatory mediators. In diabetic and non-diabetic animal models, SGLT2 inhibitors control low-grade inflammation by suppressing inflammatory activation of tissue macrophages, recruitment of monocytes from the bloodstream, and macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on macrophages include an attenuation of inflammasome activity and inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, as well as modulation of other signaling pathways (AMPK, PI3K/Akt, ERK 1/2-MAPK, and JAKs/STAT). The review discusses the state-of-the-art concepts and prospects of further investigations that are needed to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macrophages and Inflammation)
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