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Targeting Oxidative Stress: New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis, Emerging Preventive Strategies and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2026 | Viewed by 905

Editors

Dr. Fabio Vivarelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: antioxidants; oxidative stress-related diseases; electronic cigarette toxicity; co-carcinogenesis pathways; DNA repair and mutagenesis; drug metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Donatella Canistro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Farmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress status; inflammation; oxidative and post-oxidative markers; antioxidant employment; prevention of chronic diseases; in vitro and in vivo toxicity; biomarkers of exposure; electronic cigarette toxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen or carbon species (ROS/RNS/RCS) and the capacity of antioxidant defence systems, oxidative stress (OS) significantly impacts cellular redox signalling pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, protein misfolding, inflammation, and tissue damage, playing a key role across various pathological contexts.

The present Special Issue seeks to broaden current understanding of the role of OS in chronic and degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, cancer, and environmentally driven disorders. The issue also highlights emerging biomarkers, methodological advances for detecting oxidative damage, and the therapeutic potential of antioxidant strategies—from dietary antioxidants to targeted redox-modulating drugs, offering fresh perspectives for early detection, prevention, and innovative therapeutic strategies integrating basic, translational, and clinical perspectives.

This Special Issue will accept original articles, systematic or narrative reviews, with particular emphasis on emerging pharmacological aspects of the modulation of oxidative stress.

Dr. Fabio Vivarelli
Dr. Donatella Canistro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolism
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • diabetes
  • natural oxidative stress modulators
  • novel preventive/therapeutic strategies
  • ageing
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • regenerative medicine
  • neurodegeneration
  • environmental exposure
  • cancer

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 461 KB  
Article
Effects of Fine Particulate Matter on Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Versus the Healthy Elderly: A Pilot Study
by Warawut Chaiwong, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Juthamas Inchai, Chaiwat Bumroongkit, Athavudh Deesomchok, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Atikun Limsukon, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang, Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Chittrawadee Chitchun, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nattayaporn Apaijai and Chaicharn Pothirat
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(14), 6283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27146283 - 15 Jul 2026
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Abstract
Older adults and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are vulnerable to the harmful health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are partly driven by systemic inflammation. This study examined whether older adults with COPD exhibit greater inflammatory responses [...] Read more.
Older adults and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are vulnerable to the harmful health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are partly driven by systemic inflammation. This study examined whether older adults with COPD exhibit greater inflammatory responses to PM2.5 than age-matched healthy controls. We compared circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in 38 patients with COPD (73.6 ± 7.1 years) and 20 controls (70.9 ± 5.2 years) during high- and low-pollution periods. In the COPD group, 65.8% used inhaled corticosteroids and 42.1% used statins; 65.0% of controls used statins. Mean PM2.5 concentrations were higher in the high-pollution period than the low-pollution period (79.1 ± 23.3 vs 13.9 ± 3.6 µg/m3; p < 0.001). Across both periods, IL-8 was higher in COPD than in controls, without significant within-group increases during high pollution. These findings indicate higher baseline systemic inflammation in COPD, while pollution-associated increases may be attenuated by anti-inflammatory medications. However, this should be interpreted cautiously given the observational design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Oxidative Stress: New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis, Emerging Preventive Strategies and Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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Review

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55 pages, 3215 KB  
Review
Nutrition as Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
by Luciana Vallorani, Tatiana Balashova, Cesare Cremon, Fabio Vivarelli, Donatella Canistro, Camilla Morosini, Moreno Paolini and Alessandra Rossi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(15), 7047; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27157047 - 6 Aug 2026
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with oxidative stress playing a central role in its pathogenesis, progression, and response to therapy. Nutrition has emerged as a modifiable factor capable of influencing redox homeostasis, thereby contributing to both cancer prevention [...] Read more.
Cancer remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with oxidative stress playing a central role in its pathogenesis, progression, and response to therapy. Nutrition has emerged as a modifiable factor capable of influencing redox homeostasis, thereby contributing to both cancer prevention and therapeutic outcomes. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and bioactive compounds that modulate oxidative stress and are associated with reduced cancer risk and improved response to treatment. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2002 to 2025 to capture contemporary dietary approaches and clinical evidence. Eligible studies addressed nutrient compounds, dietary strategies, obesity, gut microbiota, conventional cancer therapies, and clinical outcomes, with particular emphasis on mechanisms related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune modulation. Epidemiological evidence consistently supports the protective role of plant-based dietary patterns and reduced intake of red and processed meat, partly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nutrients such as dietary fiber, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with decreased oxidative damage, improved immune responses, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy across multiple tumor types, including colorectal, breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, as well as glioblastoma. Emerging data also suggest that dietary interventions, including ketogenic diets and fasting, may influence tumor metabolism and redox balance, potentially increasing sensitivity to conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been identified as a key mediator linking diet, oxidative stress, and cancer-related pathways. Although current evidence supports the role of nutritional strategies in targeting oxidative stress for cancer prevention and treatment, further large-scale randomized clinical trials are required to clarify their impact on survival and treatment efficacy. The integration of nutritional counseling into oncology practice represents a cost-effective, accessible, and patient-centered approach with the potential to modulate oxidative stress and improve clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Oxidative Stress: New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis, Emerging Preventive Strategies and Novel Therapeutic Approaches)
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